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P4-Classical Thin Airfoil Theory

1) The document discusses classical thin airfoil theory for symmetric airfoils. It presents equations for calculating velocity induced by an elemental vortex along the airfoil's chamber line. 2) The central problem of thin airfoil theory is to solve the fundamental equation for vortex strength along the airfoil subject to the Kutta condition at the trailing edge. 3) Exact expressions are presented for inviscid, incompressible flow over a flat plate that can be used to solve for the vortex strength and satisfy the Kutta condition, yielding the airfoil circulation.

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revandifitro
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369 views9 pages

P4-Classical Thin Airfoil Theory

1) The document discusses classical thin airfoil theory for symmetric airfoils. It presents equations for calculating velocity induced by an elemental vortex along the airfoil's chamber line. 2) The central problem of thin airfoil theory is to solve the fundamental equation for vortex strength along the airfoil subject to the Kutta condition at the trailing edge. 3) Exact expressions are presented for inviscid, incompressible flow over a flat plate that can be used to solve for the vortex strength and satisfy the Kutta condition, yielding the airfoil circulation.

Uploaded by

revandifitro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Classical Thin Airfoil

Theory
Symmetric Airfoil
Symmetric Airfoil
Chamber line, z = z (x)
w
'
Chord line
c
o

V
o
x
z
Chamber line, z = z (x)
( ) s w'
Chord line
c
o

V
o
x
z
s
s
( ) x w'
Symmetric Airfoil
Chamber line, z = z (x)

V
o
o
P
|
.
|

\
|

dx
dz
1
tan
|
.
|

\
|

dx
dz
1
tan
o
90
n
V
,
Chamber line: stream line
( ) 0 = ' +

s w V
n ,
(

|
.
|

\
|
+ =


dx
dz
V V
n
1
tan sin
,
o
(4.12)
(4.13)
small are and attack, of angel small for
1
|
.
|

\
|

dx
dz
tan o
|
.
|

\
|
=

dx
dz
V V
n
o
,
to reduces (4.13) equation
(4.14)
Symmetric Airfoil
w
d
s

( ) ( ) x w s w = '
Thin airfoil, chamber line close to chord line
(4.15)
Velocity at point x induced by elemental vortex

( )
( ) t

=
x
d
dw
2
(4.16)
( )
( )
( )
}

=
c
x
d
x w
0
2 t

Subst. To eq. (4.12)

(4.17)
( )
( )
0
2
0
=

|
.
|

\
|

}

c
x
d
dx
dz
V
t

o
( )
( )
|
.
|

\
|
=


}
dx
dz
V
x
d
c
o


t
0
2
1
(4.18)
Fundamental equation of thin
Airfoil theory

Symmetric Airfoil
The central problem of thin airfoil theory is to solve eq. 4.18 for
vortex strength, subject to the Kutta condition

( )
( )
o


t

=

= =
}
V
x
d
dx
dz
c
0
2
1
0 line, chord line chamber airfoil, symmetric for
(4.19)
Exact expression for inviscid, incompressible flow over a flat plate

( )
( )
u u
u
u
u
d
c
d
c
x
c
o

2
1
2
1
2
into transform
sin
cos
cos
=
=
=
(4.20)
(4.21)
(4.22)
Substitution into eq. 4.19
(4.23)
( )
o
u u
u u u
t
t

}
V
d
o
0

2
1
cos cos
sin
Symmetric Airfoil
( )
o
u u
u u u
t
t

}
V
d
o
0

2
1
cos cos
sin
(4.23)
(4.24)
( ) ( )
} }

+
=


t t
u u
u u
t u u
u u u
t
0 0
1
2
1
(4.23) into (4.24) eq. on substituti
o o
d V d
cos cos
cos
cos cos
sin
(4.25)
o o
n d n
u
u t
u u
u u
t
sin
sin
cos cos
cos

}
0

(4.26)
( )
( ) o t
t
o
u u
u u
u u
u
t
o
u u
u u
t
o
t t
t

= + =
|
|
.
|

\
|

+
} }
}
V
V
d d V
d V
o o
o
0

1
(4.25) eq. of side hand right (4.26), eq. using
0 0
0
cos cos
cos
cos cos
cos cos
cos
(4.27)
( )
(4.23) eq. o solution t the indeed is
(4.24) Eq. (4.24). eq. to identical is

2
1
(4.25) into (4.27) eq. on substituti
0
o
u u
u u u
t
t

}
V
d
o
cos cos
sin
( )
( )
u
u
o u
sin
cos +
=

1
2
is solution the
V
Symmetric Airfoil
( )
( )
( )
( )
condition Kutta the
satisfies also (4.24) eq. thus
0 2
(4.24) eq. on rule Hospital L' using
0
0
2
(4.24) eq. TE, at the
(4.24)
1
2
=

=
=
=
+
=

t
t
o t
o t
t u
u
u
o u
cos
sin
,
sin
cos
V
V
V
( )
( )
( )
span unit per Lift theorem,
Joukowski - Kutta into (4.30) eq. subst.
) 0 (4.3 1
(4.29) into (4.24) eq. on substituti
(4.29) sin
2
(4.22) eq. and (4.20) eq. using
(4.28)
airfoil around n circulatio Total
0
0
0

= + = I
= I
= I
}
}
}
cV d V
d
c
d
c
to u u o
u u u

t
t
cos
(4.32)
coeficient lift
(4.31)
2
S q
L
c
V c V L
l


'
=
= I = ' to
( )
( )
(4.33) 2
1
2
1

1 where
2
2
to

to
= =
=


c V
V c
c
c S
l
(4.34) 2 slope Lift t
o
= =
d
dc
l
Symmetric Airfoil
d
( ) d d = I
dL

LE
( )
( ) ( ) (4.35)
LE about the Momen

0 0
} }


= = '
=
I =
= I
c c
LE
d V dL M
dL dM
d V dL
d d


( )
(4.37)
2
1 where
coeficient moment
(4.36)
2
(4.22) and (4.20) eq. using
2
2
to
to
=
'
=
=
'
=
= '

c q
M
c
c S
Sc q
M
c
c q M
LE
LE m
LE
LE m
LE
,
,
(4.39)
4
(4.38) and (4.37) eq.
(4.38)
2
(4.33) eq. from however,
l
LE m
l
c
c
c
=
=
,
to
Symmetric Airfoil
(4.41) 0
(4.40) and (4.39) eq.
(4.40)
4
(1.22) eq. point,
chord - quarter about coeficient moment
4
4
=
+ =
c m
l
LE m c m
c
c
c c
,
, ,
center of pressure
(4.24)
( )
( )
u
u
o u
sin
cos +
=

1
2 V
(4.33) 2to =
l
c
(4.34) 2 slope Lift t
o
= =
d
dc
l
(4.41) 0
4
=
c m
c
,

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