Information Systems
Outline
Definitions
Types of Information Systems
Information Systems Vs Information Technology
Expanding Roles of IS
Classification of IS
Enterprise Resource Planning
Information Systems Development
IS as Discipline
Information systems: Opportunities and Challenges
Conclusion
Definitions
Data
Raw facts such as an employees name and number of hours worked in a
week, inventory part numbers or sales orders.
Information
A collection of facts organized in such a way that they have additional value
beyond the value of the facts themselves.
Data
Information
$35,000 12 Units $12,000
J. Jones Western Region
$100,000 100 Units
35 Units
Data Processing
Salesperson: J. Jones Sales
Territory: Western Region
Current Sales: 147 Units =
$147,000
Information Systems
An information system(IS) is typically considered to be a set of interrelated elements
or components that collect(input), manipulate(processes), and disseminate (output)
data and information and provide a feedback mechanism to meet an objective.
Open System
Close System
Definitions
Types of Information Systems
1. Informal Information System
2. Formal Information System
An Information System is an organized combination of people, hardware, software,
communication networks and the data resources that collects, transforms and disseminates
information in a organization.
Computer-based Information System
INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
Hardware
Software
Databases
Networks
Other related
components
are used to build
INFORMATION
SYSTEMS
Payroll
System
Inventory
System
Marketing
System
Customer
Service
System
IS Vs IT
Expanding Roles of IS
1. Data Processing: 1950s-1960s
2. Management Reporting: 1960s-1970s
3. Decision support: 1970s-1980s
4. Strategic and End User Support: 1980s-1990s
5. Global Internetworking: 1990s-2000s
Classification of IS
Information Systems
Operations Support
System
Management Support
System
Transaction
processing
systems
Process control
systems
Office
automation
systems
Management
information
systems
Decision
support
systems
Executive
information
systems
1. Operations support systems process data generated by business operations
Major categories are:
i) Transaction processing systems
ii) Process control systems
iii) Office automation systems
2. Management Support Systems provide information and support needed for effective
decision making by managers
Major categories are
i) Management Information System
ii) Decision Support Systems
iii) Executive Information System
1. Operations Support System
i) Transaction processing systems
Process business exchanges
Maintain records about the exchanges
Handle routine, yet critical, tasks
Perform simple calculations
ii) Process control systems monitor and control industrial processes.
iii) Office automation systems automate office procedures and enhance office
communications and productivity.
2. Management support systems provide information and support needed for effective
decision making by managers
Major categories are:
i) Management information systems
Routine information for routine decisions
Operational efficiency
Use transaction data as main input
Databases integrate MIS in different functional areas
ii) Decision Support System
Interactive support for non-routine decisions or problems
End-users are more involved in creating a DSS than an MIS
iii) Executive information systems
provide critical information tailored to the information needs of executives
Other categories
a) Expert systems
b) End user computing systems
c) Business information systems
d) Strategic information systems
a) Expert Systems are knowledge-based systems that provides expert advice and act as
expert consultants to the users
b) End user computing systems support the direct, hands on use of computers by end
users for operational and managerial applications
c) Business information systems support the operational and managerial applications of
the basic business functions of a firm
d) Strategic information systems provide a firm which strategic products, services, and
capabilities for competitive advantage
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
Integrated programs that can manage a
companys entire set of business
operations
Often coordinate planning, inventory
control, production and ordering
Information Systems Development
IS as Discipline
IS is an interdisciplinary field influenced by Computer Science, Political Science,
Psychology, Operations Research, Linguistics, Sociology, and Organizational Theory.
Challenges
1. Workforce downsizing
2. Information overload
3. Employee mistrust
4. Difficult to built
5. Security breaches
Opportunities
1. Enhanced global competitiveness
2. Capture market opportunities
3. Support corporate strategy
4. Enhance worker productivity
5. Improve quality of goods and services
Conclusion
Information Systems are indispensable to the business, industry, academia and
any organization to meet the future challenges
