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Concentrating Solar Technologies

An extensive technical analysis of concentrating solar technologies including parabolic,dish systems,fresnel reflector systems to meet energy demands.

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63 views20 pages

Concentrating Solar Technologies

An extensive technical analysis of concentrating solar technologies including parabolic,dish systems,fresnel reflector systems to meet energy demands.

Uploaded by

PRATEEK1469WOW
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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System efficiency is the product of

Module efficiency
Inverter efficiency
MPP-tracking efficiency
Figure 2.34b Central receiver schematic
Source: Greenpeace (2005, Wind Force 12: A Blueprint to Achieve 12% of the Worlds
Electricity from Wind Power by 2020, Global Wind Energy Council, www.gwec.org)
Figure 2.34c Parabolic dish schematic
Source: Greenpeace (2005, Wind Force 12: A Blueprint to Achieve 12% of the Worlds
Electricity from Wind Power by 2020, Global Wind Energy Council, www.gwec.org)
Figure 2.35a Parabolic Trough Thermal Electricity,
Kramer Junction, California
Figure 2.35b Parabolic Trough Thermal Electricity,
Kramer Junction, California
Figure 2.35c Close-up of parabolic trough
The latest parabolic trough
systems either
Directly heat the water that will be used in the
steam turbine, or
Directly heat water that in turn is circulated
through a hot tank of molten salt, with the molten
salt storing heat and in turn heating the steam
that is used in a steam turbine, as illustrated in
the following diagram

Figure 2.36 AndaSol-1 Schematic
Source : Translated from Aringhoff (2002, Proyectos Andasol, Plantas Termosolares de 50 MW,
Presentation at the IEA Solar Paces 62nd Exco Meetings Host Country Day )
With thermal storage,
Electricity can be generated 24 hours per day
The capacity factor (average output over peak
output) can reach 85%
Figure 2.37 Parabolic trough capacity factor
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
A
n
n
u
a
l

C
a
q
p
a
c
i
t
y

F
a
c
t
o
r
Thermal Energy Storage (Hours)
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
5.0
Solar Field Size
(Solar Multiple)
Source : Price et al (2007, Proceedings of Energy Sustainability 2007, 27-30 June, Long Beach, California)
Table 2.14 Characteristics of existing and possible future parabolic-
trough systems
Source: EC (2007, Concentrating Solar Power, from Research to Implementation,
www.solarpaces.org) and Solcar
Figure 2.38 Integrated Solar Combined-Cycle
(ISCC) powerplant
Source: Greenpeace (2005, Wind Force 12: A Blueprint to Achieve 12% of the Worlds
Electricity from Wind Power by 2020, Global Wind Energy Council, www.gwec.org)
Figure 2.39 Parabolic dish/Stirling engine
for generation of electricity
Source: US CSP (2002) Status of Major Project Opportunities, presentation at the 2002 Berlin Solar Paces CSP Conference
Figure 2.40 Stirling Receiver
Source: Mancini et al (2003, J ournal of Solar Energy Engineering 125, 135151)
Figure 2.41 Energy flow in 4 different parabolic
dish/Stirling engine systems
Figure 2.42 Central tower solar thermal
powerplant in California
Source: US CSP (2002) Status of Major Project Opportunities, presentation at the 2002 Berlin Solar Paces CSP Conference
Figure 2.43 Solar Thermal Seasonal variation in the production of
solar-thermal electricity in Egypt, Spain, and Germany
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
M
o
n
t
h
l
y

E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
i
t
y

Y
i
e
l
d

(
%
)
El Kharga
Madrid
Freiburg
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source: GAC (2006, Trans-Mediterranean Interconnection for Concentrating Solar Power, Final Report,
www.dlr.de/tt/trans-csp )
Table 2.15 Comparison of current performance and current and projected
cost of different solar thermal technologies for generating electricity
Technology
Attribute Parabolic
Trough
Parabolic
Dish
Central
Tower
Powerplant characteristics
Peak efficiency 21% 29% 23%
Net annual efficiency 13% 15% 13%
Capacity factor without storage 24% 25% 24%
Capacity factor with 6-hours
storage
42-48% Up to 60%
Current investment cost (/kW) 3500-6000 10000-12000 3500-4500
Future investment cost ($/kW) 2000-3000 2000-3000 2000-3000
Current electricity cost (/kWh) 0.13-0.23 0.27-0.32 0.17-0.22
Future electricity cost ($/kWh) 0.05-0.08 0.05-0.08 0.05-0.08
Storage system characteristics
Medium Synthetic oil Battery Molten salt
Cost ($/kW heat) 200 30 500-800
Lifetime (years) 30 5-10 30
Round trip efficiency 95 76 99

Figure 2.44 Projected cost of heliostats (accounting at present for half the
cost of central-tower systems) vs production rate (starting from present
costs and production)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
100 1000 10000 100000
P
r
i
c
e

(
U
S
D
/
m
2
)
Production Rate (units/yr)
Source: IEA (2003, Renewables for Power Generation, Status and Prospects, International Energy Agency, Paris)
Other active uses of solar energy
Solar air conditioning
Medium-temperature (60-260
o
C) industrial heat
High-temperature (1000-2500
o
C) industrial heat
Solar fixation of nitrogen
Crop drying
Cooking

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