Trigonometric Equations : Session 1
Illustrative Problem
Solve :sinx + cosx = 2
Solution:
no solution.
Definition
A trigonometric equation
is an equation
Contains trigonometric functions of
variable angle
sin =
2 sin2 + sin22 = 2.
Periodicity and general solution
Solution of Trigonometric Equation:
Values of , which satisfy the
trigonometric equation
For sin = , = /6, 5 /6, 13 /6,.
No. of solutions are infinite .
Why ? - Periodicity of trigonometric functions.
e.g. - sin, cos have a period as 2
Periodicity and general solution
Periodicity of trigonometric functions.
f(+T) = f()
sin
sin have a period 2
0
Graph of y=sinx
sinx is periodic of period 2
Y
(0,1)
0
-2 3 -
2
2
(0,-1)
3
2
Graph of y=cosx
cosx is periodic of period 2
(0,1)
0
-2 3
2
2
(0,-1)
3
2
Graph of y=tanx
tanx is periodic of period
tanx is not defined at x=(2n+1)
2
where n is integer
Y
0
-2 3
2
3
2
Periodicity and general solution
As solutions are infinite , the entire
set of solution can be written in a
compact form.
This compact form is referred to as general
solution
For sin = , = /6, 5/6, 13/6,.
Or = n +(-1)n ( /6)
General Solution
Principal Solutions
Solutions in 0x2
principal solutions.
Illustrative problem
Find the principal solutions of
tanx = 1
3
Solution
We know that tan( - /6) =
and tan(2 - /6) =
1
3
principal solutions are 5/6 and 11/6
Illustrative problem
Find the principal solution of the
equation sinx = 1/2
Solution
sin/6 = 1/2
and sin(- /6) = 1/2
principal solution are x = /6 and 5/6.
General solution of sin = 0
sin = PM/OP
For sin = 0 , PM = 0
Y
P
For PM = 0, OP will lie on XOX
= 0, , 2, 3 ..
is an integral multiple of .
X
O
M
Y
General solution of sin = 0
For sin = 0 ,
is an integer multiple of .
Or = n , n Z (n belongs to set of integers)
Hence, general solution of sin = 0 is
= n , where n Z,
General solution of cos = 0
cos = OM/OP
For cos = 0 , OM = 0
For OM = 0, OP will lie on YOY
= /2, 3/2, 5/2.
O
is an odd integer multiple of /2.
M
Y
General solution of cos = 0
For cos = 0 ,
is an odd integer multiple of /2.
Or = (2n+1)/2 , n Z (n belongs to set of integers)
Hence, general solution of cos = 0 is
= (2n+1)/2 , where n Z,
General solution of tan = 0
tan = PM/OM
For tan = 0 , PM = 0
For PM = 0, OP will lie on XOX
= 0,, 2, 3.
is an integer multiple of .
Same as
sin = 0
X
O
M
Y
General solution of tan = 0
For tan = 0 ,
is an integer multiple of .
Or = n , n Z (n belongs to set of integers)
Hence, general solution of tan = 0 is
= n, where n Z,
Illustrative Problem
Find the general value of x
satisfying the equation sin5x = 0
Solution:
sin5x = 0 = sin0
=> 5x = n
=> x = n/5
=>x = n/5 where n is an integer
General solution of sin = k
If sin = k
-1 k 1
Let k = sin, choose value of
between /2 to /2
If sin = sin sin - sin = 0
sin
0
2cos
2
2
General solution of sin = k
2cos sin 0
2
2
cos 0
2
(2n 1)
2
2
= (2n+1) -
0
sin
2
n
2
= 2n +
Odd , -ve
= n +(-1)n , where n Z
Even , +ve
General solution of cos = k
If cos = k
-1 k 1
Let k = cos, choose value of between
0 to
If cos = cos cos - cos = 0
sin
0
2sin
2
2
General solution of cos = k
2sin sin 0
2
2
sin 0
2
n
2
= 2n -
0
sin
2
n
2
= 2n +
-ve
= 2n , where n Z
+ve
General solution of tan = k
If tan = k
-<k<
Let k = tan, choose value of between
- /2 to /2
If tan = tan tan - tan = 0
[Link] - [Link] = 0
General solution of tan = k
[Link] - [Link] = 0
sin( - ) = 0
- = n , where n Z
= n +
= n+ , where n Z
Illustrative problem
Find the solution of sinx =
3
2
Solution:
As sin x sin
x n (1)n
Illustrative problem
Solve tan2x = cot(x )
6
Solution:
)
6
tan( x )
2
6
We have tan2x = cot(x
2
2x n
x
3
x n
2
tan(
x)
3
2
, where n is an int eger
3
Illustrative problem
Solve sin2x + sin4x + sin6x = 0
Solution:
2sin4x cos2x sin4x 0
sin 4x(2 cos 2x 1) 0
sin 4x 0 or cos 2x
1
2
sin 4x 0 or cos2x cos
2
3
2
, where n is an integer
3
n
x
or x n , where n is an int eger
4
3
4x n or 2x 2n
Illustrative Problem
Solve
2cos2x + 3sinx = 0
Solution:
2 cos2 x 3sinx 0
2(1 sin2 x) 3 sin x 0
(2 sin x 1)(sin x 2) 0
sin x
1
sin x
or sin x 2
2
1
7
sin
2
6
7
x n (1)
where n is an int eger
6
n
General solution of sin2x = sin2
cos2x = cos2, tan2x = tan2
n where n is an integer.
Illustrative Problem
Solve : 4cos3x-cosx = 0
Solution:
4 cos3 x cos x 0
cos x(4 cos2 x 1) 0
cos x 0 or 4 cos2 x 1
2
1
x (2n 1) or cos2 x cos2
2
3
2
x (2n 1) or n / 3, n Z
2
Illustrative Problem
Solve :sinx + siny = 2
Solution:
sin x sin y 2
sin x 1 and sin y 1
and sin y sin
2
2
n
m
x n (1)
and y m (1)
2
2
sin x sin
where n and m are int eger.
Class Exercise Q1.
Solve :sin5x = cos2x
Solution:
cos2x sin5x
cos2x cos( 5x)
2
taking positive sign
7x 2n
2
(4n 1)
x
14
2x 2n ( 5x)
2
taking negative sign
2x 2n 5x
2
(4n 1)
x
, nI
6
Class Exercise Q2.
Solve :2sinx + 3cosx=5
Solution:
2 sin x 3 cos x 5 is possible only when
sin x and cos x attains their max imum
value [Link] x 1 and cos x 1.
both sin x and cos x cannot be 1 for any value of x.
hence no solution.
Class Exercise Q3.
Solve :7cos2 +3sin2 = 4
Solution:
2
7 cos 3(1 cos ) 4
2
7 cos 3 3cos 4
cos2
1
4
cos2 cos2
n , n I
3
Class Exercise Q4.
Solve : 2 cos2 2 sin 2
Solution:
2 cos2 2 sin 2
2 sin 2(cos2 1) 0
2 sin 4 sin 0
3
2
2 sin (1 2 2 sin ) 0
1
sin 0 and sin
2
n
n , n (1)
where n I
6
Class Exercise Q5.
Show that 2cos2(x/2)sin2x = x2+x-2
for 0<x</2 has no real solution.
Solution:
2 x
2
L.H.S. 2 cos sin x
2
2
(1 cos x).sin x 2
2
R.H.S x
1
2
x2
1
x 2 2
x
Hence no solution
Class Exercise Q6.
Find the value(s) of x in (- , )
which satisfy the following equation
1 cos x cos2 x cos3 x ....to
43
Solution:
1 cos x cos2 x cos3 x ....to
82
1 cos x cos2 x cos3 x ....to 2
1
2
1 cos x
cos x
1
2
Class Exercise Q6.
Find the value(s) of x in (- , )
satisfy the following equation
1 cos x cos2 x cos3 x ....to
Solution:
1
COSX
2
2
,x
3
3
which
43
Class Exercise Q7.
Solve the equation
sinx + cosx = 1+sinxcosx
Solution:
Let sin x cos x z
squaring both sides
(z2 1)
1 2 [Link] x z
sin [Link] x
2
z2 1
sin x cos x 1
(z 1)2 0 z 1
z2 2z 1 0
2
Class Exercise Q7.
Solve the equation
sinx + cosx = 1+sinxcosx
Solution:
(z 1)2 0 z 1
sinx cos x 1
1
2
cos x
x 2n,
1
2
sin x
1
2
(4n)
, nI
2
cos(x )
cos
4
4
2
x 2n
4 4
Class Exercise Q8.
If rsinx=3,r=4(1+sinx),
then x (0 x 2) is
(a) or
(b) or
3 4
2
7
5
(c) or
(d) or
6
6
6
6
Solution:
3
r
4(1 sin x)
sin x
3 4 sin x 4 sin2 x
4 sin2 x 4 sin x 3 0
(2 sin x 1)(2 sin x 3) 0
Class Exercise Q8.
If rsinx=3,r=4(1+sinx),
then x (0 x 2) is
or
3
4
7
(c) or
6
6
(a)
or
2
5
(d)
or
6
6
(b)
Solution:
(2 sin x 1)(2 sin x 3) 0
sin x
1
3
or sin x
2
2
5
or
6
6
Class Exercise Q9.
In a ABC , A > B and if A
and B satisfy
3 sin x 4 sin3x k = 0 ( 0< |k|
< 1 ) , C is
2
5
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
3
2
3
6
Solution:
3sinx 4 sin3 x k 0
3A 3B(A B)
C (A B)
2
C
3
sin3A sin3B
A B
3
C
3
Class Exercise Q10.
Solve the equation
(1-tan)(1+sin2) = 1+tan
Solution:
(1 tan )(1 sin2) 1 tan
2 tan
(1 tan ) 1
1 tan
2
1 tan
1 tan2 2 tan
(1 tan )
1 tan
2
1 tan
Class Exercise Q10.
Solve the equation
(1-tan)(1+sin2) = 1+tan
Solution:
1 tan2 2 tan
(1 tan )
1 tan
2
1 tan
(1 tan ) 1 tan (1 tan )(1 tan2 )
(1 tan )[(1 tan )(1 tan ) 1 tan2 ] 0
(1 tan )(1 tan2 1 tan2 ) 0
(1 tan )(2 tan2 ) 0
Class Exercise Q10.
Solve the equation
(1-tan)(1+sin2) = 1+tan
Solution:
(1 tan )(2 tan2 ) 0
when tan2 0 m
when 1 tan 0 tan 1
tan tan( )
4
n
4
m, n , n,m I
4
