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Oop Class Inheritance

The document discusses object-oriented programming concepts including abstraction, classes, and inheritance. Abstraction involves capturing only relevant details of an object from a given perspective. Classes define common characteristics and behaviors of objects. Inheritance allows a child class to inherit attributes and behaviors from a parent class, extending and specializing the parent. Inheritance promotes reuse and reduces redundancy.

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65 views

Oop Class Inheritance

The document discusses object-oriented programming concepts including abstraction, classes, and inheritance. Abstraction involves capturing only relevant details of an object from a given perspective. Classes define common characteristics and behaviors of objects. Inheritance allows a child class to inherit attributes and behaviors from a parent class, extending and specializing the parent. Inheritance promotes reuse and reduces redundancy.

Uploaded by

p_sudheers-1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Object-Oriented

Programming (OOP)

Abstraction
Abstraction

complexity.

Principle

is a way to cope with

of abstraction:

Capture only those details about an object


that are relevant to current perspective

Example Abstraction
Ali is a PhD student and teaches BS
students
Attributes

- Name
- Student Roll No
- Year of Study
- CGPA

- Employee ID
- Designation
- Salary
- Age

Example Abstraction
Ali is a PhD student and teaches BS
students
behaviour

- Study
- GiveExam
- PlaySports
- DeliverLecture

- DevelopExam
- TakeExam
- Eat
- Walk

Example Abstraction
Students Perspective
Attributes

- Name
- Student Roll No
- Year of Study
- CGPA

- Employee ID
- Designation
- Salary
- Age

Example Abstraction
Students Perspective
behaviour

- Study
- GiveExam
- PlaySports
- DeliverLecture

- DevelopExam
- TakeExam
- Eat
- Walk

Example Abstraction
Teachers Perspective
Attributes

- Name
- Student Roll No
- Year of Study
- CGPA

- Employee ID
- Designation
- Salary
- Age

Example Abstraction
Teachers Perspective
behaviour

- Study
- GiveExam
- PlaySports
- DeliverLecture

- DevelopExam
- TakeExam
- Eat
- Walk

Example Abstraction
A cat can be viewed with different
perspectives
Ordinary

Perspective

A pet animal with


Four Legs
A Tail
Two Ears
Sharp Teeth

Surgeons

Perspective

A being with
A Skeleton
Heart
Kidney
Stomach

Example Abstraction

Engineers View
Drivers View

Abstraction Advantages
Simplifies

the model by hiding


irrelevant details

Abstraction

provides the freedom to


defer implementation decisions by
avoiding commitment to details

Classes
In

an OO model, some of the objects


exhibit identical characteristics
(information structure and behaviour)

We

say that they belong to the same


class

Example Class
Ali

studies mathematics
Anam studies physics
Sohail studies chemistry
Each

one is a Student
We say these objects are instances of
the Student class

Example Class
Ahsan

teaches mathematics
Aamir teaches computer science
Atif teaches physics
Each

one is a teacher
We say these objects are instances of
the Teacher class

Graphical Representation of
Classes
(Class Name)
(attributes)
(operations)

Normal Form

(Class Name)
Suppressed
Form

Example Graphical
Representation of Classes
Circle
center
radius
draw
computeArea

Normal Form

Circle
Suppressed
Form

Example Graphical
Representation of Classes
Person
name
age
gender
eat
walk

Normal Form

Person
Suppressed
Form

Inheritance
A

child inherits characteristics of its


parents

Besides

inherited characteristics, a
child may have its own unique
characteristics

Inheritance in Classes
If

a class B inherits from class A then it


contains all the characteristics
(information structure and behaviour) of
class A
The parent class is called base class and
the child class is called derived class
Besides inherited characteristics, derived
class may have its own unique
characteristics

Example Inheritance
Person

Student

Doctor
Teacher

Example Inheritance
Shape

Line

Triangle
Circle

Inheritance IS A or
IS A KIND OF Relationship
Each

derived class is a special kind of


its base class

Example IS A Relationship
Person

name
age
gender
eat
walk

Student
program
studyYear
study
heldExam

Teacher
designation
salary
teach
takeExam

Doctor
designation
salary
checkUp
prescribe

Example IS A Relationship
Shape
color
coord
draw
rotate
setColor

Circle
radius
draw
computeArea

Triangle
Line
length
draw

angle
draw
computeArea

Inheritance Advantages
Reuse
Less

redundancy

Increased

maintainability

Reuse with Inheritance


Main

purpose of inheritance is reuse


We can easily add new classes by
inheriting from existing classes
Select an existing class closer to the
desired functionality
Create a new class and inherit it from the
selected class
Add to and/or modify the inherited
functionality

Example Reuse
Shape
color
coord
draw
rotate
setColor

Circle
radius
draw
computeArea

Triangle
Line
length
draw

angle
draw
computeArea

Example Reuse
Person

name
age
gender
eat
walk

Student
program
studyYear
study
heldExam

Teacher
designation
salary
teach
takeExam

Doctor
designation
salary
checkUp
prescribe

Example Reuse
Person

name
age
gender
eat
walk

Student
program
studyYear
study
heldExam

Teacher
designation
salary
teach
takeExam

Doctor
designation
salary
checkUp
prescribe

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