8085
ARCHITECTUR
E
Microprocessor ?
A microprocessor is multi
programmable clock driven
register based
semiconductor device that is
used to fetch , process and
execute a data within
fraction of seconds.
PIN CONFIGURATION
THE 8085 AND ITS
BUSSES
The 8085 is an 8-bit
general purpose
microprocessor that can address 64K Byte of
memory.
It has 40 pins and uses +5V for power. It can run
at a maximum frequency of 3 MHz.
-The pins on the chip can be grouped into 6
groups:
Address Bus.
Data Bus.
Control and Status Signals.
Power supply and frequency.
Externally Initiated Signals.
Serial I/O ports.
The Address and Data
Busses
The address bus has 8 signal lines A8 A15 which are
unidirectional.
The other 8 address bits are multiplexed (time shared) with
the 8 data bits.
So, the bits AD0 AD7 are bi-directional and serve as A0
A7 and D0 D7 at the same time.
During the execution of the instruction, these lines carry
the address bits during the early part, then during the
late parts of the execution, they carry the 8 data bits.
In order to separate the address from the data, we can use a
latch to save the value before the function of the bits
changes.
SOD
SID
TRAP
RST 7.5
RST 6.5
INTA
RST 5.5
INTR
8085 ARCHITECTURE
Interrupt controller
Serial I/O controller
8 bit internal Data Bus
Multiplexer
Instruction Reg
Reg array
Temp Reg
Accumulator
Flag Flip Flo
ps
Instruction D
ecoder and Ma
chine Cycle E
ncoding
ALU
W tem
p
Z tem
p
Stack Pointer (16)
Program counter (16)
Inc/dec latch
Timing and control
Clk gen
Address Buffer
Reset
out
Reset
Reset in
HOLD
HLDA
DMA
IO/M
S1
ALE
Status
WR
Clk
out
RD
Control
S0
X2
Ready
X1
A15 A8
Address
Buss
Data/ Address
Buffer
AD0 AD7
Address/
Data
Buss
Flag Register
The flags are affected by the arithmetic and logical
instruction
D7
S
D6
Z
D5
D4
AC
D3
D2
P
D1
D0
CY
Accumulator
It is an 8 bit register
For any arithmetic and logical
instruction one of the data should be in
this register
It is used for storing the result of any
arithmetic and logical manipulations.
It is also called as A register
All the data which are sent to I/O
devices are sent via A register.
Temporary register
It
is used to hold the data
during the operation of
arithmetic and logical
operation
Sign Flag
If
the D7 bit of the
accumulator is set then this
flag is set i.e 1 meaning that
the result is in negative.
Ex. 7-8 = -1
Carry flag
During the arithmetic operation if a
carry occurs then this flag is set.
Ex. F1+1F=1
10
Carry
Zero flag
During
the arithmetic/
logical operation if the
result is zero then this
flag is set.
Ex. FF-FF = 00
Parity flag
After
the of the arithmetic
and logical operation if the
result is even then this flag is
set.
Ex. 0A-02 = 08
Auxiliary carry flag
During
BCD arithmetic operation
when a carry is generated by D3 bit
and passed on to D4 bit then this
flag is set.
Ex. 1F+11 = 0001 1111 +
0001 0001
= 0010 0000
Timing and control
It
synchronizes all the
operation with the clock
and generates the
communication between
the microprocessor and
peripherals
Instruction Register and
decoder
The instruction is loaded
in the instruction register
The decoder decodes them
and establishes the
operation that has to be
performed
Register array
The
W and Z register are
temporary registers
Used to hold the 8 bit data
during the execution and it is
used internally .
It is not used by the
programmer.
Control and status
signals
Machine
Cycle
IO/M
S1
S0
Opcode
fetch
Memory
read
Memory
write
I/O read
I/O write
Arithmetic and Logical
unit
It
is an 8 bit register
It is used for performing
addition, subtraction and
logical operation.
AND, OR, NOT, XOR, CMP are
some of the logical operation.
Program Counter
It
is a 16 bit register
It is used to point out
the address of the next
instruction which is to
be executed
Stack pointer
It
is a 16 bit register
It points the starting address
of the stack .
Register Array
B,
C, D, E, H and L are
general purpose register
All are 8 bit register
If the are combined as BC,
DE and HL they can store 16
bit data
Instruction set
An instruction is a binary
pattern designed inside a
microprocessor to perform a
specific function.
A group of instruction together
called as instruction set.
Group of instruction set is
called as a program.
Classification of
instruction set
According to word size or
byte size it is classified into
3 types.
1 - byte instruction
2 - byte instruction and
3 - byte instruction
1 byte instruction
It
includes the Opcode and the
Operand in the same byte.
Ex. MOV A,B
Ex. CMP B
Ex. ANA B
Ex. RAL
Opcode an operand
The
task to be performed
is called Opcode
The data to be operated is
called Operand.
2 byte instruction
The
first byte specifies the
operation cod eand the next
byte specifies the operand
Ex. MVI A, 10
Ex. SUI A, 34
3 byte instruction
The
first byte specifies the
opcode and the next two
bytes specifies the 16 bit
address/data.
Ex. LXI H, 4500
Ex. JMP 5000
