Cell Selection and Reselection

NOKIA

topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus Wimmer

Cell Selection and Reselection: Motivation

indication
to user
manual mode
PLMN selection
and reselection

NAS control

radio
measurements

PLMN
selected

cell selectionregistration
area changes
and reselection

PLMN
available

automatic mode

if the UE is in
the RRC idle
mode

NOKIA

RRC tasks:

PLMN selection
and reselection;

Cell selection and

reselection;

Location
registration.

topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus Wimmer

CM requests

location
registratio
n
location
registration
response
if the UE is in the
RRC connected
mode
states:
CELL_FACH,
CELL_PCH,
and
URA_PCH

PLMN Selection
Switch on

in automatic PLMN selection operation m

Last
registered
PLMN
Home
PLMN
User
controlled
PLMN list

HPLMN Search Period Timer

6 .. 480 minutes
Default: 60 minutes

NOKIA

topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus Wimmer

Operator
controlled
PLMN list
Other PLMNs
with RATs the
UE is capable of

Cell Reservations and Cell Restrictions

BCCH: Cell Access Restriction

Cell
- acceptable
- suitable
- barred
- reserved

11

NOKIA

topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus

Access Class barred:

(UE access classes
0..9 and
11..15)

Cell Reservations and Cell Restrictions

suitable for
selection and
reselection

Cell
barred

Case

Cell Barred

Cell reserved
Cell reserved
for operator for future extension

not barred

not reserved

not reserved

not barred

not reserved

reserved

not barred

reserved

---

barred

---

---

suitable for AC 11 or 15 in
HPLMN
otherwise barred
13

NOKIA

topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus

Not suitable not even for

emergency call

Cell Reservations and Cell Restrictions: Acces

Access Class
irrelevant
for access

suitable cell

UE RRC connected

UE RRC idle

15

NOKIA

topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus

suitable cell

I ignore all
Access Class
related cell
access
restrictions
when selecting
a cell to camp
Access Class
on
only relevant
for access

Nokia Parameters for Cell Reservations and Re

WCEL: CellBarred
Defines whether the cell is barred or not. A barred cell is a cell
where a UE is not allowed to camp on. This parameter is part of SIB
3.
0 (Barred), 1 (Not barred); default: 1.
WCEL: TBarred
When the cell is barred, UE regards the cell barred condition valid
for a number of seconds defined by the value of 'Cell barred
period'. This parameter is part of SIB 3.
[10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, 640, and 1280] seconds; default: 40
seconds.
WCEL: Cell_Reserved
Defines whether the cell is reserved for operator use. This
parameter is part of SIB 3.
0 (Reserved), 1 (Not reserved); default: 1.
WCEL: IntraFreq_Cell_Reselect_Ind
Defines whether intra-frequency cell re-selection is allowed when
the cell is barred.
is& reselection/
part of
SIB/Markus
3/4.
16 This
NOKIAparameter
topic: cell selection
July 2003

States and State Transition in the RRC Idle Mo

Cell Selection Process

UE

NAS:
PLMN
selection
AS:
attempts
to find
suitable
cells

19

NOKIA

CN
NAS controls
RAT(s) associated with the selected PLMN
forbidden registration areas
list of equivalent PLMNs

AS controls
correspondent
procedures

topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus

States and State Transition in the RRC Idle Mo

go here whenever
a new PLMN
is selected
cell information
stored for the PLMN

Stored
Information
Cell Selection

no cell information
stored for the PLMN

Initial
Cell Selection

no suitable cell found

no suitable
cell found
suitable cell found

Cell Selection
when leaving
connected
mode

return to
idle mode

suitable
cell found

leave
idle mode

Connected
Mode

21

NOKIA

suitable cell found

Camped
normally

trigger

suitable
cell selected

Cell
Reselection
Evaluation
Process

(adopted from TS 25.305 V3.11.0 chap. 5.5.2)

topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus

NAS
registration
rejected

no suitable
cell found

no
suitable
cell
found

States and State Transition in the RRC Idle Mo

go here when no USIM in the UE
1

Any Cell
Selection

USIM inserted

no acceptable cell found

an acceptable cell found
Cell Selection
when leaving
connected
mode

return to
idle mode

acceptable
cell found

Camped on
Any Cell

leave
idle mode

Connected
Mode
(Emergency
calls only)

suitable
cell found

acceptable
trigger

cell selected

Cell
Reselection
Evaluation
Process

no acceptable
cell found

(adopted from TS 25.305 V3.11.0 cha

23

NOKIA

topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus

Cell Selection Criterion S (in the FDD mode)

Qqualmeas (dB)
(CPICH Ec/N0)

S-Criterion
fulfiled

Squal > 0

Squal >0 AND

Srxlev > 0

Qqualmin
(24...0)

Qrxlevmin
(115...25)

Qrxlevmeas (dBm
CPICH RSCP

Pcompensation
suita
ble
cell?
25

NOKIA

topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus

Srxlev > 0

Cell Selection Criterion S

Cell size defining parameters:
Qrxlevmin
Qqualmin
I am
outsi
de

I am
inside,
but have
not
-50 .. 33
enough
dBm
power
Pcompensation

= max(UE_TXPWR_MAX_RACH P_MAX, 0)
27

NOKIA

topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus

(Initial) Cell Selection Process

Once a suitable cell is found this cell is selected

Squal = Qqualmeas Qqualmin > 0

Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas - Qrxlevmin Pcompensation > 0
Initial Cell
Selection
(scan RF channel)

or

Stored Information
Cell Selection

29

NOKIA

topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus

I have to
find a
suitable

Cell Selection When Leaving the RRC Connect

active set cells as candidates for cell
selections; if not, then
Stored information cell selection

Squal > 0
Srxlev > 0

31

NOKIA

topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus

Nokia Parameters for Cell Selection

WCEL: QrxlevMin
The minimum required RX level in the cell. This parameter is part
of SIB 3.
[-115 ... 25] dBm, step 2 dBm; default: -115 dBm.
WCEL: QqualMin
The minimum required quality level in the cell (Ec/No). This
parameter is part of SIB 3.
[-24 ... 0] dB, step 1 dB, default: -20 dB.
WCEL: UEtxPowerMaxPRACH
This parameter defines the maximum transmission power level a
UE can use on PRACH. The value of the parameter also effects the
cell selection and reselection procedures. The value of the
parameter is sent to UE in the Cell selection and re-selection of SIB
3 and 4 of the serving cell.
[..]

32

NOKIA

topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus

Cell Reselection in the RRC Idle and RRC Conn

HCS in use:

HCS not in use:

measurement
thresholds

measurement
thresholds

S-Criterion
fulfilled

S-Criterion
fulfilled

H-Criterion

for fast
moving UEs

cells with
lower HCS
priority than
in serving cell

R-Criterion
cell ranking
35

NOKIA

for slow
moving UEs
cells withIf No Cell
with H>0
highest HCS
all
Priorities accept
&
neighbors
H>0

R-Criterion
cell ranking

topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus

R-Criterion
cell ranking

Cell Reselection: Measurement Rules with no

SsearchRAT m

Intrafrequency
Interfreqency
Inter-RAT

Example: Nokia
Sintrasearch = 4dB,
Sintersearch = 2dB,
Ssearch_RAT = 0dB

Sintersearch Sintrasearch

Sx=Squal (in FDD

mode)

No need to
measure
Intra-frequency
IntraInter-frequency frequency neighbour
cells

Where to perform
measurements

serving cell
37

NOKIA

topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus

Nokia Parameters for Cell Reselection (Part I)

WCEL: UseOfHCS
This parameter indicates whether the serving cell belongs to a
Hierarchical Cell Structure (HCS). This parameter is part of SIB
11/12.
0 (HCS not used), 1 (HCS in use); default: 0.
WCEL: Sintrasearch
The threshold for intra-frequency measurements, and for the HCS
measurement rules. This parameter is part of SIB 3.
[0 ... 20] dB, step 2 dB, default: 4 dB.
WCEL: Sintersearch
The threshold for inter-frequency measurements, and for the HCS
measurement rules. This parameter is part of SIB 3.
[0 ... 20] dB, step 2 dB, default: 2 dB.
WCEL: Ssearch_RAT
The RAT-specific threshold for inter-RAT measurement rules. This
parameter is part of SIB 3.
[0 ... 20] dB, step 2 dB, default: 0 dB.
38

NOKIA

topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus

Cell Reselection: Measurement Rules with HCS

Sx=Squal (in FDD
mode)

if Srxlevs > SsearchHCS

SsearchRAT mSlimitsearchRAT m Sintersearch Sintrasearch

Intra-frequency
Inter-frequency

if

41

Srxlevs <= SsearchHCS

NOKIA

topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus

Equal &
higher
HCS
priority
Intrafrequenc
y
Interfrequenc
y

Higher HCS
priority
Intrafrequency
Interfrequency

Example: Nokia
Sintrasearch = 4dB,
Sintersearch = 2dB,
Ssearch_RAT = 0dB,
SsearchHCS = 1dB

Cell Reselection: Measurement Rules with HCS

Sx=Squal (in FDD
mode)

if Srxlevs > SHCS,RATm

SsearchRAT mSlimitsearchRAT m Sintersearch Sintrasearch

Intrafrequency
Interfreqency
Inter-RAT

Intrafrequenc
y,
Interfrequenc
Intra-frequency
y, &
Inter-frequency
Equal and
higher
HCS
priority
inter RAT

if Srxlevs <= SHCS,RATm

measure on all Inter-RAT cells

43

NOKIA

topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus

Equal &
higher
HCS
priority
Intrafrequenc
y
Interfrequenc
y

Higher HCS
priority
Intrafrequency
Interfrequency

Example: Nokia
Sintrasearch = 4dB, Sintersearch = 2dB,
Ssearch_RAT = 0dB, Slimit, searchRAT = 2dB
SsearchHCS = -1dB,
SHCS_RAT = 1d

Nokia Parameters for Cell Reselection (Part II)

WCEL: SHCS_RAT
The RAT specific threshold for inter-RAT measurement rules. This
parameter is part of SIB 3.
[-1 ... 91] dB, step 2 dB, default: -1 dB (UE sets this value to 0).
WCEL: Slimit_SearchRAT
Threshold for skipping inter-RAT measurement rules in HCS. Above
this RAT specific threshold in the serving UTRA cell, the UE does not
need to perform any inter-RATm measurements. This parameter is
part of SIB 3.
[0 ... 20] dB, step 2 dB, default: 2 dB.
WCEL: SsearchHCS
Threshold for intra- and inter-frequency measurement rules in HCS.
Below this limit in the serving cell, the UE initiates measurements
of all intra and inter-frequency neighbouring cells of the serving
cell. This parameter is part of SIB 3.
[-1 ... 91] dB, step 2 dB, default: -1 dB (UE sets this value to 0).

44

NOKIA

topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus

Measurement Rules with HCS and fast moving

Example: Nokia
TCRmax = 60s,
NCR = 8,
TCRmaxHyst = 0s

NCR/TCRmax

time
measurement rules for
slow moving UEs

fast moving UETCrmaxHyst

measurement rules for

slow moving UEs
measurement rule for fast moving UEs

NCR = cell reselection threshold (default: 8)

TCRmax = time period

measures neighbouring
47

NOKIA

cells with equal or lower

HCS priority

topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus

priorizes cells with

lower HCS priority for
re-selection

Nokia Parameters for Cell Reselection (Part III

WCEL: NCr
This parameter defines the maximum number of cell reselections.
If the number of cell reselections during the TCrmax time period
exceeds the value of NCr, high mobility has been detected. Not
used if TCrmax equals 'not used This parameter is part of SIB 3.
[1 ... 16], default: 8.
WCEL: TCrmax
The duration for evaluating the allowed amount of cell reselections.
If the number of cell reselections during the time period defined by
Tcrmax exceeds Ncr, high mobility has been detected. This
parameter is part of SIB 3.
[0 (= not used), 30, 60, 120, 180, 240] seconds, default: 60
seconds.
WCEL: TCrmaxHyst
Cell reselection hysteresis for reverting from UE high-mobility
measurements. The additional time period before UE reverts to
low-mobility measurements. This parameter is part of SIB 3.
[0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70] seconds, default: 0 seconds.
48

NOKIA

topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus

Cell Reselection: H-Criterion (slow moving UE)

measurement
thresholds

Hs = Qmeas,s Qhcss
Hn = Qmeas,n - Qhcsn TOn

S-Criterion
fulfilled
H-Criterion
for fast
moving UEs
cells with
lower HCS
priority than
in serving cell

R-Criterion
cell ranking

53

NOKIA

cells with
H>0

for slow
moving UEs

no cells
with
H>0

only cells
with
highest HCS
priorities &
H>0

accept all
neighbours

R-Criterion
cell ranking

R-Criterion
cell ranking

topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus

Cell Reselection: H-Criterion (slow moving UE)

Hs = Qmeas,s Qhcss
Hn = Qmeas,n - Qhcsn TOn * Ln
Qmeas,n - Qhcsn

PENALTY_TIMEn PENALTY_TIMEn

0
TOn

TOn

TOn = 0
TOn = 0
Start Stop
Start
Tn
Tn
Tn

time

Example:
HCS_PRIOn <>
HCS_PRIOs
TOn = TEMP_OFFSETn * W(PENALTY_TIMEn Tn)=> L = 1
n
54

NOKIA

topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus

Nokia Parameters for Cell Reselection (Part IV

WCEL: HCS_PRIO
This parameter defines the HCS priority level for a cell. Value 0
indicates the lowest HCS priority and value 7 indicates the highest
HCS priority.
[0 ... 7], default: 0.
WCEL: QHCS
Quality threshold level for applying prioritised hierarchical cell reselection for a cell. Part of HCS Serving cell information (Qhcss).
This parameter is part of SIB 3.
[-24 ... 0] dB, step 0.5 dB, default: -24 dB.
HOPS: AdjsHCSthreshold
Defines the threshold level which must be exceeded by the CPICH
Ec/No of the intra-frequency neighbouring cell before the
hierarchical cell re-selection becomes possible (Qhcsn).
[-24 ... 0] dB, step 0.5 dB, default: -24 dB.
HOPI: AdjiHCSthreshold: [-24 ... 0] dB, step 0.5 dB, default: -24
dB.
HOPG: AdjgHCSthreshold: [-110 ... -37] dBm, default: -110 dBm.
55

NOKIA

topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus

Nokia Parameters for Cell Reselection (Part IV

HOPS: AdjsTempOffset1
This parameter is used in the cell ranking between cells when the
intra-frequency neighbour cell has the same HCS priority level as
the serving cell.
[3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 100 (Infinity)] dB, default: 3 dB.
HOPI: AdjiTempOffset1, HOPG: AdjgTempOffset1
HOPS: AdjsTempOffset2
This parameter is used in the cell ranking between WCDMA cells
when the intra-frequency neighbour cell has the same HCS priority
level as the serving cell.
[2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 100 (Infinity)] dB, default: 2 dB.
HOPI: AdjiTempOffset2
HOPS: AdjsPenaltyTime
Defines the time period during which the Temporary Offset 1/2 is
applied in the cell re-selection procedure for the intra-frequency
neighbour cell in question.
[0 ... 60] seconds, step 10 seconds, default: 0.
HOPI: AdjiPenaltyTime, HOPG: AdjgPenaltyTime
56

NOKIA

topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus

Cell Reselection: R-Criterion and TOn

temp. offset only

used with HCS

Rs = Qmeas,s + Qhysts
Rn = Qmeas,n - Qoffsets,n - TOn * (1 Ls)
PENALTY_TIME
PENALTY_TIME
n
n

Qmeas,n Qoffsets,n

TOn
TOn
TOn = 0
Start
Tn

TOn=0
Stop Start
Tn
Tn

Qmeas,s

Example:
HCS_PRIOn =
TOn = TEMP_OFFSETn * W(PENALTY_TIMEn TnHCS_PRIO
)
s
=> Ln = 0
59
NOKIA
topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus

Cell Reselection: R-Criterion

Qmeas

Rs = Qmeas,s + Qhysts
Rn = Qmeas,n - Qoffsets,n - TOn * (1 Ls)

Rn > Rs =>
cell reselection
Qmeas,n

Rn

Qmeas,s
Qhysts

Rs

Qoffsets,n
Treselection

Example:
HCS_PRIOn <>
HCS_PRIO
s cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus
60
NOKIA
topic:

Nokia Parameters for Cell Reselection (Part V)

WCEL: Qhyst1 (Qhyst2)
Qhyst1 is used for TDD and GSM cells, and for FDD cells when cell
selection and re-selection quality measure is set to CPICH RSCP
(CPICH Ec/No) (Qhyst1s/ Qhyst2s). This parameter is part of SIB 3.
[0 ... 40] dB, step 2 dB, default: 4 dB.
HOPS: AdjsQoffset1 (AdjsQoffset2)
This parameter is used in the cell re-selection and ranking between
WCDMA cells. The value of this parameter is subtracted from the
measured CPICH RSCP (CPICH Ec/No) of the intra-frequency
neighbour cell before the UE compares the quality measure with the
cell re-selection/ranking criteria.
[-50 ... 50] dB, default: 0 dB.
HOPS: AdjsQoffset1 (AdjsQoffset2), HOPG: AdjgQoffset1,
(AdjgQoffset2)
WCELL: Treselection
The UE triggers the reselection of a new cell if the cell reselection
criteria are fulfilled during the time interval Treselection. This
parameter is part of SIB 3.
... 31]topic:
seconds,
default:
0/Markus
seconds.
61 [0
NOKIA
cell selection & reselection/
July 2003

Cell Reselection: Measurement Requirements

DRX
cycle

start measurement on

all neighbouring cells

Nserv
12 seconds

At
least
DRX
cycleone

if UE RRC idle
UE initiates cell selection
procedures for the
selected PLMN

if still no suitable cellsUE out of service

CPICH Ec/Io
measurement
CPICH RSCP
measurement
S criterion
63evaluation
NOKIA
topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus

area
if UE in
CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH
or URA_PCH

Cell Reselection: Measurement Intra-frequen

Intra-frequency cell

Serving cell

3 dB

TmeasureFDD
cycle
At
least one

CPICH Ec/Io
measurement, or
CPICH RSCP
measurement
65

NOKIA

time

UE is capable of evaluating that an intra-frequency

cell has become better ranked (if Treselection = 0)
within TmeasureFDD

topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus

Cell Reselection: Measurement Inter-frequen

Inter-frequency cell

Serving cell

3 dB for CPICH Ec/Io

5 dB for CPICH RSCP

(NcarrierAt
-1)least
* TmeasureFDD
one cycle
CPICH Ec/Io
measurement or
CPICH RSCP
measurement
67

NOKIA

time

UE is capable of evaluating that an inter-frequency

cell has become better ranked (if Treselection = 0)
within (Ncarrier -1) * TmeasureFDD

topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus

Cell Reselection: Measurement Requirements

TmeasureGSM
Each GSM
neighbour

GSM BCCH carrier

RSSI

DRX cycle
length [s]

30 seconds

BSIC at least every 30 seconds

for each of the 4 strongest GSM
BCCH carriers

0.08

Nserv
[number of
DRX cycles]
4

TmeasureFDD
[s] TevaluateFDD
[s] TmeasureGSM
[s]
(number of
(number of
(number of
DRX cycles) DRX cycles) DRX cycles)
0.64 (8 DRX cycles)
2.56 (32 DRX cycl)
2.56 (32 DRX cycl)

0.16

0.64 (4)

2.56 (16)

2.56 (16)

0.32

1.28 (4)

5.12 (16)

5.12 (16)

0.64

1.28 (2)

5.12 (8)

5.12 (8)

1.28

1.28 (1)

6.4 (5)

6.4 (5)

2.56

2.56 (1)

7.68 (3)

7.68 (3)

5.12

5.12 (1)

10.24 (2)

10.24 (2)

In idle mode, UE supports DRX cycles lengths 0.64, 1.28, 2.56 and(DRX
5.12cycle
s length table

source: TS 25.133 V3.11.0 chap.

69

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topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus

Cell Reselection: Maximum Interruption in Pag

71

intra-frequency

50 ms

inter-frequency

50 ms

inter-RAT

50 ms

NOKIA

topic: cell selection & reselection/ July 2003 /Markus

TSI
TBCCH