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Chapter3 DC

The document discusses the basics of DC electric motors and generators. It describes: 1. The main components of DC machines including the electromagnetic or permanent magnetic field structure and the armature. 2. Operating principles such as how the field produces a magnetic medium and how the armature produces voltage and torque under the action of the magnetic field. 3. Key equations for induced EMF, developed torque, and how input power equals output power when losses are neglected. 4. The equivalence of motors and generators and how generators produce opposing torque while motors produce back EMF that opposes applied voltage. 5. Different types of DC machine configurations including separately excited, shunt excited, and series excited as

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Fauziah Rahmadhani
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103 views

Chapter3 DC

The document discusses the basics of DC electric motors and generators. It describes: 1. The main components of DC machines including the electromagnetic or permanent magnetic field structure and the armature. 2. Operating principles such as how the field produces a magnetic medium and how the armature produces voltage and torque under the action of the magnetic field. 3. Key equations for induced EMF, developed torque, and how input power equals output power when losses are neglected. 4. The equivalence of motors and generators and how generators produce opposing torque while motors produce back EMF that opposes applied voltage. 5. Different types of DC machine configurations including separately excited, shunt excited, and series excited as

Uploaded by

Fauziah Rahmadhani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basics of a Electric Motor

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A Two Pole DC Motor

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A Four Pole DC Motor

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Operating Principle of a DC Machine

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Flemings Left Hand Rule Or


Motor Rule
FORE FINGER = MAGNETIC FIELD

TH
U

M
B

M
OT

IO

900
900
900
MIDDLE FINGER= CURRENT

FORCE = B IAl
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Flemings Right Hand Rule Or


Generator Rule
FORE FINGER = MAGNETIC FIELD

B
=
O
M

900

M
U

900

TH

900

TI
N
O

MIDDLE FINGER = INDUCED


VOLTAGE

VOLTAGE = B l u
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Action of a Commutator

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Armature of a DC Motor

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Generated Voltage in a DC Machine

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Summary of a DC Machine

Basically consists of

1. An electromagnetic or permanent magnetic structure called


field which is static
2. An Armature which rotates

The Field produces a magnetic medium


The Armature produces voltage and torque under the action
of the magnetic field

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10

Voltage and Torque developed in a


DC Machine
Induced EMF, EA = Km (volts)
Developed Torque, Tdev = KIA (Newton-meter
or Nm)
where m is the speed of the armature in rad/sec.,
is the flux per pole in weber (Wb)
IA is the Armature current
K is the machine constant

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11

Interaction of Prime-mover DC Generator


and Load
Tdev
+

DC Generator EA
-

Tpm

Load

Prime-mover
(Turbine)

IA

VL

EA is Generated voltage
VL is Load voltage
Tpm is the Torque generated by Prime Mover
Tdev is the opposing generator torque
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12

Interaction of the DC Motor


and Mechanical Load
+

IA

Tload
+

VT

EA DC Motor

- -

m
Tdev

Mechanical
Load
(Pump,
Compressor)

EA is Back EMF
VT is Applied voltage
Tdev is the Torque developed by DC Motor
Tload is the opposing load torque
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13

Power Developed in a DC Machine


Neglecting Losses,
Input mechanical power to dc generator
= Tdev m= KIAm =EA IA
= Output electric power to load
Input electrical power to dc motor
= EA IA= K m IA = Tdev m
= Output mechanical power to load
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14

Equivalence of motor and generator

In every generator there is a motor (Tdev opposes Tpm)


In every motor there is a generator (EA opposes VT)

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15

Separately Excited DC Machine


RA

+
Vf

Armature

Field Coil

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16

Shunt Excited DC Machine

Shunt Field Coil

Armature
RA

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17

Series Excited DC Machine


RA

Armature

Series Field Coil

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18

Compound Excited DC Machine


Series Field Coil

Shunt Field Coil

Armature
RA

If the shunt and series field aid each other it is called a cumulatively
excited machine
If the shunt and series field oppose each other it is called a differentially
excited machine
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19

DC Machine-Example I
A dc motor has Ra =2 , IA=5 A, EA = 220V, m = 1200 rpm.
Determine i) voltage applied to the armature, developed torque,
developed power . ii) Repeat with m = 1500 rpm. Assume same
I A.
Solution on Greenboard

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20

Separately Excited DC Motor


Torque-speed Characteristics
RA
+
Vf

Armature

Field Coil
Tdev

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21

Series Excited DC Motor


Torque-Speed Characteristics
RA

Armature
Series Field Coil

Tdev

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22

Speed Control of Separately Excited


DC Motor(2)
By Controlling Terminal Voltage VT and keeping If or
constant at rated value .This method of speed control is applicable
for speeds below rated or base speed.
m

Tdev1<Tdev2< Tdev3
Tdev1

Tdev2

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Tdev3

VT

23

Speed Control of Separately Excited


DC Motor
By Controlling(reducing) Field Current If or and keeping
VT at rated value. This method of speed control is applicable
for speeds below rated speed.
m

Tdev1<Tdev2< Tdev3

Tdev1
Tdev3

Tdev2

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24

DC Machine-Example II
A separately excited dc motor with negligible armature resistance
operates at 1800 rpm under no-load with VT =240V(rated voltage).
The rated speed of the motor is 1750 rpm.
i) Determine VT if the motor has to operate at 1200 rpm under no-load.
ii) Determine (flux/pole) if the motor has to operate at 2400 rpm
under no-load; given that K = 400/.
iii) Determine the rated flux per pole of the machine.
Solution on Greenboard

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25

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