CHAPTER 5 (b)
BEAM DEFLECTION
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this lecture, student should be able
to;
State the boundary condition for cantilever beam
Determine the slope and deflection in every loaded
situation as below:
a.Cantilever beam, with concentrated load at the
end.
b.Cantilever beam, with a uniformly distributed load.
c.Cantilever beam, with concentrated load at any
point.
Case 3: Cantilever beam, with a point load at
end
(Boundary conditions included)
x=L
dy/dx = 0
y=0
F (N)
X=0
x=0
dy/dx = max
y = max
A
x
On the x-x section (distance x is based on point A), it is known
that the moment at this section is;
M xx = -Fx
3
General Formula
Solution
Substitute M = -Fx into eq. (a)
a) EI d2y = M
dx2
(Moment Eq.)
b) EI dy = Mdx + A
EI d2y = -Fx
dx2
(Slope Eq.)
dx
Integrate once we get;
EI dy = -Fx2 + A
dx
2
c) EIy = Mdx + Ax + B
(Deflection Eq.)
Integrate once again we get;
EIy = -Fx3 + Ax + B
6
4
Boundary Conditions
a) To find the variables A and B
EI dy = -Fx2 + A
dx
2
When;
x=L,
.. (Slope Eq.)
dy/dx = 0
Thus; EI (0) = -F(L)2 + A
2
A = FL2
2
5
EIy = -Fx3 + Ax + B (Deflection Eq.)
6
Substitute A = FL2
2
EIy = -Fx3 + FL2x + B
6
2
When;
Thus;
x = L,
y=0
EI (0) = -F(L)3 + FL2(L) + B
6
2
B = -FL3
3EI
6
Therefore, the COMPLETE slope and
deflection equations are;
i)
EI dy = -Fx2 + FL2
dx
. (Slope Eq.)
ii)
EIy = -Fx3 + FL2x - FL3
(Deflection Eq.)
6
2
3
7
b) To find the Maximum slope and deflection
i) Maximum Slope
EI dy = -Fx2 + FL2
dx
2
2
When;
x = 0,
EI dy = -F(0)2 + FL2
dx
2
2
dy = - FL2
dx
2EI
8
ii) Maximum deflection
EIy = -Fx3 + FL2x - FL3
6
2
3
When;
x=0
EIy = -F(0)3 + FL2 (0) FL3
6
2
3
EIy = - FL3
3
y = - FL3
3EI
9
Case 4: Cantilever beam, with a point load at
end
(Boundary conditions included)
X=0
x=0
dy/dx = max
y = max
w (N/m)
x=L
dy/dx = 0
y=0
A
x
On the x-x section (distance x is based on point A), it is
known that the moment at this section is;
M xx = -Fx2
2
10
Solution
Substitute M = -Fx2 /2
a) Find the variable A and B
When , x = L, dy/dx = 0
EI d2y = -Fx2
dx2
2
EI dy = -Fx3 + A
dx
6
Integrate once we get;
EI(0) = -F(L3) + A
6
EI dy = -Fx3 + A
dx
6
Integrate once again we get;
A = FL3
6
EIy = -Fx4 + Ax + B
24
11
When ,
x = L,
y=0
EIy = -Fx4 + FL3x + B
24
6
EI(0) = -F(L)4 + FL3(L) + B
24
6
B = -FL4
8
Therefore the complete
slope and deflection
equation are;
i) Slope
EI dy = -Fx3 + FL3
dx
ii) Deflection
EIy = -Fx4 + FL3x FL4
24
6
8
12
b) To find the Maximum slope and deflection
i) Maximum Slope
EI dy = -Fx3 + FL3
dx
6
6
When;
x = 0,
EI dy = -F(0)3 + FL3
dx
6
6
dy = FL3
dx 6EI
13
ii) Maximum deflection
EIy = -Fx4 + FL3x FL4
24
6
8
When;
x=0
EIy = -F(0)4 + FL3(0) FL4
24
6
8
y = - FL4
8EI
14
Case 5: Cantilever beam, with a point load
NOT at the end
b
F (N)
y max
L
i) Max slope;
dy = Fa2
dx 2EI
ii) Max deflection; y = Fa2 (3L-a)
6EI
15
Exercise
1. A cantilever beam is 6m long and has a point load of 20 KN at
the free end. The flexural stiffness is 110MNm2. Calculate the
slope and deflection at the free end.
(Answer: 3.27 x 10-3, 13mm)
2. A cantilever beam is 5m long and has a point load of 50KN at
the free end. The deflection at the free end is 3mm
downwards. The modulus of elasticity is 205GPa. The beam
has a solid rectangular section with a depth 3 times the width.
(D=3B). Determine;
i) the flexural stiffness, EI. (Answer: 694.4MNm2)
ii)the dimension of the section. (Answer:D=591mm, B=197mm)
16
3. A cantilever beam is 6m long with a UDL of 1 KN/m. the
flexural stiffness is 100MNm2. Calculate the slope and
deflection at the free end.
(Answer: 360 x 10-6, 1.62mm)
4. A cantilever beam is 5m long and carries a UDL of
8KN/m. The modulus of elasticity is 205GPa and beam is
a solid circular section. Calcuate;
i) The flexural stiffness which limits the deflection to 3mm
at the free end. (Answer: 208.3MNm2)
ii)
The diameter of the beam. (Answer: 379mm)
17
5. Based on the diagram below, calculate the maximum
slope and deflection. The flexural stiffness is 300MNm2.
(Answer: )
15KN
3m
1m
4m
18
