DIGITAL

COMMUNICATI
ONS

A measure of how much

information can be
propagated through a
communications system and
is a function of bandwidth
and transmission time.
A.system capacity
B.bandwidth
C. information density
D. information capacity

The number of symbols

occurring per second in a
data transmission is called
the
A. bit rate
B. baud
C. symbol rate
D. transmission speed

What is the channel

capacity for a signal power
of 200W, noise power of 10
W, and a bandwidth of 2 kHz
of a digital system?
A. 8.784 kbps
B. 5.170 kbps
C. 7.510 kbps
D. 2.644 kbps

A highly theoretical study of

the efficient use of
bandwidth to propagate
information through
electronic communications
systems
A. information capacity
B. bandwidth efficiency
C. information theory

Information capacity is
a function of bandwidth
and
A. transmission time
B. modulation
technique used
C. bit rate

Hartleys law is a
relationship of
information capacity to
bandwidth and
A. transmission time
B. modulation
technique used
C. bit rate

Refers to the rate of change

of a signal on the
transmission medium after
encoding and modulation
have occurred
A. bit rate
B. baud
C. information rate
D. none of the choices

For a standard telephone

circuit with a signal power
of 3000 W, a noise power of
3 W, and a bandwidth of 2.7
kHz, the Shannon limit for
information capacity is
A. 26.9 kbps
B. 46 kbps
C. 52.3 kbps
D. none of the choices

Modulation used in lowperformance, low-cost,

asynchronous data
modems
A.ASK
B.FSK
C. PSK
D.none of the choices

The circuit used to

produce BPSK
A. XOR gate
B. XNOR gate
C. balanced modulator
D. shift register

The circuit used to

demodulate a BPSK
signal
A. XOR gate
B. XNOR gate
C. balanced modulator
D. shift register

In digital communication
using FSK, the rate of
change of frequency at
the input to the
modulator is called the
A. baud
B. bit rate
C. band rate
D. none of the choices

For quaternary phase shift

keying (QPSK) modulation,
data with carrier frequency
of 70 MHz, and an input bit
rate of 10 Mbps, determine
the minimum Nyquist
bandwidth.
A. 5 MHz
B. 7 MHz
C. 9 MHz

The modulator transmits

symbols, each of which
has 16 different possible
states, 5000 times per
second. How much is the
bit rate?
A. 5 kbps
B. 30 kbps
C. 20 kbps

A constellation diagram
is sometimes called a
A.signal-state space
diagram
B.phasor diagram
C. phase-coordinate
diagram

BPSK is sometimes
called
A. phase reversal
keying
B. biphase modulation
C. dibit phase
modulation

A VCO FSK modulator is

operated in the sweep
mode. The peak binary
modulating voltage is 0.005
V and the deviation
sensitivity is 20 kHz/V. What
is the distance between the
mark and space
frequencies?
A. 100 Hz
B. 200Hz

A GMSK transmitter has a

bit rate of 20 kbps. What is
the bandwidth required?
A. 20 kHz
B. 40 kHz
C. 50 kHz
D. none of the choices

GAUSSIAN MINIMUM-SHIFT
KEYING
(GMSK)

Special case of FSK where

the mark and space
frequencies are separated
by half the bit rate
Uses less bandwidth than
conventional FSK

A GMSK transmitter has a

bit rate of 20 kbps. What is
the bandwidth required?
A. 20 kHz
B. 40 kHz
C. 50 kHz
D. none of the choices

A system using GMSK has

a bit rate of 20 kHz. If the
mark frequency is 40 kHz,
what is the space
frequency?
A. 30 kHz
B. 60 kHz
C. 20 kHz
D. none of the choices

For an FSK modulator

with a peak frequency
deviation of 1 kHz and a
bit rate of 42 kbps, the
necessary bandwidth is
A. 23 kHz
B. 45 kHz
C. 86 kHz
D. none of the choices

Amplitude shift keying is

sometimes called
A. digital amplitude
modulation
B. binary amplitude
modulation
C. bit amplitude modulation
D. answers A and C

Determine the baud of a

transmission using
amplitude shift keying with
a bit rate of 10 kbps
A. 10,000
B. 20,000
C. 5,000
D. none of the choices

A modulation technique
which varies both the
amplitude and the phase of
the signal.
A. QPSK
B. QAM
C. DPSK
D. none of the choices

An QPSK signal can undergo

how many degrees of phase
shift and still retain its
integrity
A. +/ 11.25
B. +/ 45
C. +/ 22.5
D. +/ 90

8-QAM uses
A.dibit
B.tribit
C. quad bits
D.five bits

A balanced modulator
is a/an
A. OP-Amp
B. linear summer
C. product modulator
D. all of the choices

128-QAM has a
minimum bandwidth
equal to
A. fb / 4
B. fb / 5
C. fb / 6
D. fb / 7

A carrier recovery
circuit is not needed
with ____ PSK method
A. minimum
B. quaternary
C. differential
D. none of the choices

The key circuit used in

a DPSK modulator is
A. XOR gate
B. XNOR gate
C. balanced modulator
D. shift register

The key circuit used in

a DPSK demodulator is
A. XOR gate
B. XNOR gate
C. balanced modulator
D. shift register

Determine the
bandwidth efficiency of
QPSK modulation
scheme at a
transmission rate of 10
Mbps
A. 2 bits/cycle
B. 3 bits/cycle

The scheme used in

transmission of two
separate information signals
using two amplitudemodulated carriers at the
same frequency but
differing in phase by 90
degrees is known as
A. VSB
B. QAM

Gray code is sometimes

called
A. minimal error code
B. minimum distance
code
C. maximum distance
code

The ratio of the

transmission bit rate to
the minimum
bandwidth required for
a particular modulation
scheme.
A. bandwidth efficiency
B. information density

A system has a P(e) of

10-5. How many errors
can you expect in every
100,000 bits
transmitted?
A. 1
B. 10
C. 100

For an 8-PSK system,

operating with an
information bit rate of
24 kbps, determine the
bandwidth efficiency.
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4

An alternative form of
digital modulation where
the binary input
information is contained
in the difference between
two successive signaling
elements
A. differential FSK
B. differential PSK

If the signals are the

same, a logic 1 is
generated. If they are
different, a logic 0 is
generated. What does
this function?
A. XOR gate
B. XNOR gate
C. balanced modulator

If the signals are the

same, a logic 1 is
generated. If they are
different, a logic 0 is
generated. What does
this function?
A. XOR gate
B. XNOR gate
C. balanced modulator

The process of extracting

a phase-coherent
reference carrier from a
receiver signal.
A. Carrier recovery
B. Phase recovery
C. Carrier referencing
D. Answers A and C

The circuit used in clock

recovery circuits
A. XOR
B. XNOR
C. Shift register
D. PLL

A carrier recovery
method which uses two
parallel tracking loops
simultaneously to derive
the product of the I and Q
components of the signal
that drives the VCO.
A. squaring loop
B. Costas loop

A carrier recovery
method which produces a
loop error voltage that is
proportional to twice the
phase error between the
incoming signal and the
VCO signal.
A. squaring loop
B. Costas loop

For a QPSK system with

carrier power = 10-12 W
and a bit rate = 60 kbps,
calculate the energy per
bit in dBJ
A. -132.5
B. -167.8
C. 263.8
D. None of the choices

The process whereby the

binary data are encoded
as a precise phase of the
transmitted carrier
A. phase referencing
B. absolute phase
encoding
C. phase correspondence
D. none of the choices

Invented Trellis Code

Modulation
A. William Trellis
B. Dr. Ungerboek
C. Alex Reeves
D. Bob Wildar

Sometimes thought of as
a magical method of
increasing transmission
bit rates over
communications systems
using QAM or PSK with
fixed bandwidths.
A. PCM
B. TCM

An empirical (historical)
record of a systems
actual bit error
performance.
A. BER
B. P(e)
C. answers A and B
D. none of the choices

Encoding technique which

made possible data
transmission in excess of
56 kbps over a standard
telephone circuit.
A. PCM
B. TCM
C. CCM
D. QCM

The parameter used to

compare two or more digital
modulation systems that
use different transmission
rates (bitrates), modulation
schemes (FSK,PSK, QAM), or
encoding techniques (Mary).
A. bit error rate
B. C/N

TCM involves the use of

A. correlation
B. convolution
C. companding
D. comparison

The error in delta

modulation which can be
reduced by reducing the
minimum step size
A. slope overload
B. granular noise
C. overload distortion
D. Answers A and C

An encoding scheme
where the step size
increases with the
amplitude of the input
signal.
A. linear
B. nonlinear
C. midrise

Which coder is most

suitable for high-speed
applications
A. level-at-a-time
B. digit-at-a-time
C. word-at-a-time
D. none of the choices

The companding
technique used in the
United States and Japan
A. A-law
B. -law
C. J-law
D. -law

A single-channel PCM
system with a sample
rate of 8000 Hz and an
eight-bit compressed
PCM code has a line
speed of
A. 92 kbps
B. 32 kbps
C. 8 kbps

The spectral power of

most speech energy
concentrates at three or
four peak frequencies
called
A. channels
B. formants
C. trenches

Decreasing the step size

is the solution to which
noise?
A. granular noise
B. slope overload
C. overload distortion
D. none of the choices

A problem in delta PCM

which occurs when the
slope of the analog signal
is greater than the delta
modulator can maintain.
A. granular noise
B. slope overload
C. overload distortion

A modulation technique
in which only the
difference in the
amplitude of two
successive samples is
transmitted rather than
the actual sample.
A. delta PCM
B. differential PCM

What vocoder did Homer

Dudley invent in 1928?
A. formant vocoder
B. channel vocoder
C. linear predictive coder
D. none of the choices

The noise which is

inputted in the PAM
sampler in the absence of
a signal.
A. random noise
B. thermal noise
C. idle channel noise
D. quantization noise

A method to reduce noise

in the PAM sampler in the
absence of a signal.
A. midrise quantizing
B. midtread quantizing
C. nonlinear quantizing
D. linear quantizing

A larger possible
magnitude for
quantization error in the
lowest quantization
interval is a disadvantage
of
A. midrise quantizing
B. midtread quantizing
C. nonlinear quantizing

A vocoder which extracts

the most significant
portions of speech
information directly from
the time waveform rather
than from the frequency
spectrum.
A. formant vocoder
B. channel vocoder

The line speed of a T1

carrier system
A. 1.544 Mbps
B. 3.152 Mbps
C. 6.312 Mbps
D. 44.736 Mbps

The line speed of a T2

carrier system
A. 1.544 Mbps
B. 3.152 Mbps
C. 6.312 Mbps
D. 44.736 Mbps

If a bit is active only 20%

of the time, what is its
duty cycle
A. 10%
B. 20%
C. 30%
D. 50%

The error that is most

prevalent in natural
sampling.
A. Aperture error
B. Overload distortion
C. Aliasing
D. Answers A and B

Storage time is also

called
A. A/D Conversion time
B. aperture time
C. acquisition time
D. answers B and C

For a PCM system with a

maximum audio input
frequency of 5 kHz, what
is the minimum sample
rate?
A. 5 kHz
B. 7 kHz
C. 10 kHz

This occurs if the

magnitude of the sample
exceeds the highest
quantization interval
A. Overload distortion
B. Slope overload
C. Aperture error
D. Answers A and B

The acquisition time in

the sample-and-hold
circuit must be
A. Very long
B. Very short
C. Enough for analog-todigital conversion
D. None of the choices

The circuit which

converts PAM signals to
parallel PCM codes.
A. ADC
B. DAC
C. Sample and Hold
D. None of the choices

For a resolution of 0.5 V,

the worst Qe is
A. 0.5 V
B. 0.25 V
C. 0.4 V
D. none of the choices

Mathematically, the
worst-case SQR is
A. 0.5
B. 1
C. 2
D. none of the choices