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Fluid Mechanics and Heat Engines Guide

This document provides an overview of fluid mechanics and its applications. It discusses key concepts in fluid mechanics including fluid statics, kinematics, and dynamics. It also defines important fluid properties like density, specific weight, viscosity, and explains Newton's law of viscosity. The document lists many engineering applications of fluid mechanics like hydroelectric plants, automobiles, refrigeration systems and concludes by stating that fluid mechanics is important for all branches of engineering.

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sajinirajith
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248 views18 pages

Fluid Mechanics and Heat Engines Guide

This document provides an overview of fluid mechanics and its applications. It discusses key concepts in fluid mechanics including fluid statics, kinematics, and dynamics. It also defines important fluid properties like density, specific weight, viscosity, and explains Newton's law of viscosity. The document lists many engineering applications of fluid mechanics like hydroelectric plants, automobiles, refrigeration systems and concludes by stating that fluid mechanics is important for all branches of engineering.

Uploaded by

sajinirajith
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FLUID MECHANICS & HEAT

ENGINES

contents
Fundamental concepts
Applications
Fundamental definitions
Fundamental properties
problems

Importance of fluid
mechanics
All science including physics, chemistry,
biology and mathematics
All branches of engineering involving
civil engineering, mechanical
engineering, chemical , electrical,
metallurgy , aerospace etc.

Knowledge of Fluid Mechanics


is essential for proper design of
Ships.

Otherwise without the proper


knowledge of fluid mechanics,
What will happen

APPLICATIONS OF FLUIDS
HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS
HYDRAULIC MACHINES
AUTOMOBILES
REFRIGERATION &AIR CONDITIONERS
THERMAL POWER PLANTS
NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
OPERATING VARIOUS INSTRUMENTS
HEAT ENGINES

What is fluid?
What is mechanics?
A substance that flows is called fluid.
All liquid and gaseous substances are
considered to be fluids.
Mechanics is the branch of applied
physics that deals with motions.

FLUID MECHANICS
Fluid Mechanics is that
branch of science which
deals with behavior of the
fluids at rest as well as in
motion

THREE ASPECTS OF FLUIDS


FLUID STATICS: The study of fluid at rest
FLUID KINEMATICS: The study of fluid in
motion where pressure forces are not
considered

FLUID DYNAMICS: The study of fluid if


pressure forces is considered

FLUIDS & THEIR PROPERTIES

Density ()
Density is the mass of the fluid per
unit volume
= m/v
Units : Kg/m3

Specific Weight or Weight Density


It is defined as the weight per unit volume. It
is usually denoted by w.

W= xg

Specific volume
Volume per unit mass of fluid
Specific volume=1/
It is the reciprocal of mass density
It is expressed as m3/kg

Specific Gravity(s):
The specific gravity is the ratio of the
specific weight(density) of the fluid to
the
specific
weight(density)
of
a
standard fluid.
For liquids ,standard fluid is taken as water
For gases , standard fluid is taken as air.
It is also called relative density. It is
dimensionless and is denoted by S.

Problem 1. Calculate the specific weight ,


density and specific gravity of one litre of a
liquid
weighs 7N.
Ans:
Specific weight =7000N/m3
Density=713.5Kg/m3
Specific Gravity=0.7135

Viscosity
Property of a fluid which offers resistance
to the movement of one layer of fluid over
another adjacent layer of the fluid.

Kinematic viscosity
Ratio between the dynamic viscosity and
density of fluid

Newton's Law of viscosity


It states that the shear stress () on
a fluid element layer is directly
proportional to the rate of shear
strain. The constant of
proportionality is called the
coefficient of viscosity.

Mathematically,
= (du/dy)
Where, du/dy =velocity gradient
= coefficient of viscosity, absolute
viscosity or dynamic viscosity.

Fluid which obey newton's law of

viscosity are known as Newtonian


Fluids
Fluid which do not obeys newton's
law of viscosity are known as nonnewtonian fluids

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