Millennium

Development Goals
Dr. Sampatha Goonewardena
2015
22nd Batch

At the end of the session, the student

should be able to :
describe

the background for the Primary

Health Care (PHC) and Millennium
Development Goal (MDG) concept
describe the concept and components of
PHC and MDG
List the components of MDG
Challenges to achieve the MDG
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)

Background

Inequities in the provision of health care services

Disparities between

Developed and underdeveloped countries

Urban and Rural populations
Rich and Poor
Curative and Preventive health care services
Among different ethnic groups

 1977

Resolution at the 30th World Health

Assembly

The main social target of governments and WHO in the coming

decades should be the attainment by all citizens of the world by the
year 2000 of a level of health that will permit them to lead a socially
and economically productive life
1978

Alma Ata declaration and acceptance of

the goal of Health for All (HFA) by 2000

AD
!980 National Strategies for HFA were
formulated by Sri Lanka

Primary Health Care

Known as Essential Health Care

Consists of 8 basic components

Education about prevailing health problems and

methods of preventing and controlling them
Promotion of food supply and proper nutrition
Adequate supply of safe water and basic sanitation
Maternal and Child Health care including family
planning
Immunization against infectious diseases
Prevention and control of endemic diseases
Appropriate treatment of common diseases and injuries
Provision of essential drugs

 Late

1990s Targets of the MDG were set

out
Late

2000 Member states of United

Nations unanimously adopted
the Millennium Declaration
A Blueprint for Progress

What is Millennium Development Goals

Goals- commonly accepted as a framework for
measuring development progress (outcome)
Guide for planning and implementation of
development efforts globally
Provide a benchmark for eradicating poverty
Set standards for monitoring progress towards
achieving the benchmarks
Creates opportunities for people at national and
local levels to connect with a larger global
movement

Components of MDG
8

Goals

21

Targets

61

Indicators

By year 2015

Progress towards the 8 goals is measured by

the above targets and indicators
Baseline as 1990

Goals

Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

Achieve universal primary education
Promote gender equality and empower women
Reduce child mortality
Improve maternal health
Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
Ensure environmental sustainability
Develop a global partnership for development

Goal 1 Eradicate extreme poverty

and hunger

Goal 1 Eradicate extreme poverty

and hunger

Millions of people live in extreme poverty and hunger

1.1 billion people live on less than $1 a day
Mostly in African and Asian region
Even in Developed world 1 in every 6 children live below
the national poverty line

Target 1 Halve between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of

people whose income is less than one dollar per day
Target 2 - Halve between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of
people who suffer from hunger

Goal 2 Achieve universal Primary

education

Goal 2 Achieve universal Primary

education
Education

is development
Creates choices and opportunities, reduces the
twin burden of poverty and disease
Gives stronger voice in society
By year 2001, over 100 million children never
attended school
Most (57%) were girls, 96% in developing
countries
Target 3 Ensure that, by 2015, children
everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to
complete a full course of primary schooling

Goal 3 Promote gender equality

and empower women

Goal 3 Promote gender equality

and empower women
Gender

inequalities have important negative

implications for development outcomes and
families well-being
Women and girls are discriminated
Womens status has improved in recent decades
Still, Lot needs to be done!!!
Target 4 Eliminate gender disparity in primary
and secondary education preferably by 2005
and in all levels of education no later than 2015.

Goal 4 Reduce child

mortality

Goal 4 Reduce child mortality

More than 10 million children die each year in

developing countries
Majority due to preventable causes
Mortality rates for children under 5 dropped by 16%
since 1990 but still high in developing countries
In developing countries- 1 in 12 dies before 5th
birthday
In developed countries- 1 in 152 dies before 5th Bday

Target 5 Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990

and 2015, the under five mortality rate.

Goal 5 Improve maternal

health

Goal 5 Improve maternal health

Worldwide, > 50 million women suffer from poor

reproductive health and serious pregnancy related
illness and disability
Every year > 500,000 women die from complications of
pregnancy and childbirth
Most die in Africa and Asia
Africa 1 in 16 lifetime risk of dying
Europe 1 in 2000 risk of dying

Target 6 Reduce by three-quarters, between

1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio.

Goal 6 HIV/AIDS, malaria,

and other diseases.

Goal 6 HIV/AIDS, malaria, and

other diseases.
HIV/

AIDS, TB and malaria worlds biggest

killers
Greatest impact in poor countries and poor
people
Target 7 Have halted by 2015 and begun to
reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS
Target 8 Have halted by 2015 and begun to
reverse the incidence of malaria and other
major diseases.

Goal 7 Ensure environmental

sustainability

Goal 7 Ensure environmental

sustainability

Environment provides goods and services that sustain

human development
Improved water and sanitation reduce child mortality
Better drainage reduces malaria

Target 9 Integrate the principles of sustainable

development into country policies and program and
reverse the loss of environmental resources.
Target 10 Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people
without sustainable access to safe drinking water and
basic sanitation.

Cont (Goal 7)

Target 11 Have achieved, by 2020, a

significant improvement in the lives of at least
100 million slum dwellers

Goal 8 Develop a global

partnership for development.

Goal 8 Develop a global partnership

for development.

More generous aid to countries committed to poverty

reduction
MDG is most effective when developing countries and
donors are committed to effective development
strategies

Target 12 - Develop further an open, rule-based,

predictable, nondiscriminatory trading and
financial system (Includes a commitment, and
poverty reduction-both nationally and
internationally)

Cont (Goal 8)
Target 13 Address the special needs of the
least developed countries.
Target 14 Address the special needs of
landlocked developing countries and small
island developing states.
Target 15 Deal comprehensively with the debt
problems of developing countries through
national and international measures in
order to make debt sustainable in the long term

Cont (Goal 8)
Target 16 In cooperation with developing
countries, develop and implement strategies
for decent and productive work for youth.
Target17 In cooperation with pharmaceutical
companies, provide access to affordable,
essential drugs in developing countries
Target 18 In cooperation with the private sector,
make available the benefits of new technologies,
especially information and communications.

Health related Millennium Development

Goals ( MDGs ) - Targets & Indicators
Goal

Target

Indicator

Prevalence of underweight children under

5 years of age

Proportion of the population below

minimal level or dietary energy
consumption

Reduce by two thirds between

13

Under-five mortality rate

1990 and 2015, the under five

mortality rate.

14

Infant mortality rate-special emphasis on

neonatal mortality

15

Proportion of 1-year-old children

immunized against measles

16

Maternal mortality ratio

17

Proportion of births attended by skilled

health personnel

*
4

*
5

Eradicate
extreme
Poverty and
Hunger

Reduce Child
Mortality

maternal
health

Halve between 1990 and 2015 ,the

proportion of people who suffer
from hunger

Reduce by three quarters, between

1990 and 2015 , the maternal
mortality ratio

Goal
6

Combat
HIV/AIDS,
Malaria, &
other
diseases

Target

Indicator

18

HIV prevalence among pregnant women aged 15-24

years

19

Condom use rate of the contraceptive prevalence rate

20

Ratio of school attendance of orphans to school

attendance of non orphans aged10-14 years

21a

Incidence of Malaria per 100,000 population.

21b

Deaths associated with Malaria

22

Proportion of population in malaria-risk areas using

effective malaria prevention and treatment measures

23a

Incidence of TB per 100,000 population

23b

Death rates per 100,000 associated with TB

24

Proportion of TB cases detected and Cured using DOTS

Have halted by 2015 and

begun to
reverse the spread of
HIV/AIDS

Have halted by
2015 and begun
to reverse the
incidence of

(a)
Malaria

(b)
Tubercu
losis

Goal

Target

Indicator

Intergrate the principles of

sustainable development into
country policies and programmes
and reverse the loss of
environmental resources.

29

Proportion of population using solid

fuels

10

Halve by 2015, the proportion of

people without sustainable access
to safe drinking water and
sanitation

30

Proportion of population with

sustainable
access to an improved water
source,
urbaan and rural

31

Proportion of population with

access to
improved sanitation

46

Proportion of population with

access to
affordable drugs

Ensure
Environmental
Sustainability

Develop a
global
partnership for
development

17

In co-operation with
phamarceutical
companies,provide accessto
affordable essential drugs in
developing countries

Health Indicators in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) Sri Lanka.

Indicator

Benchmark

Target for 2015

Prevalence of underweight children

< 5 years

29.40%

Under 5 mortality rate

Under 5 mortality rate 4.4/1000

population

3/1000 under 5
population

Infant mortality rate

12.2/1000 LB

9/1000 LB

% of 1 year-old immunized against

measles

90.10%

99%

Maternal mortality ratio

47/100 000 LB

24/100 000 LB

% births attended by skilled health

personal

97%

99%

HIV prevalence among 15-24 year old

pregnant women

See Below 1

Condom use rate of the contraceptive

prevalence rate

3.70%

4.50%

Proportion of children orphaned by HIV/

AIDS

See Below 2

Prevalence and death rate associated

with Malaria

See Below 3

* to have halted by
2015, and begun to
reverse the spread of
Malaria

% population in Malaria risk areas using

effective Malaria
preventive measures

See Below 4

Prevalence and death rates associated

with TB

See Below 5

* have halted by 2015

and begun to reverse
the spread of TB

20%

Indicator

Benchmark

Target for 2015

% of TB cases detected and cured under

directly observed
treatment short course (DOT)

73%

% population using solid fuels

See Below 6

% population with sustainable access to

an improved water
source

93.90%

100%

% population with access to improved

sanitation

75.40%

100%

% population with access to affordable

essential drugs on a
sustainable basis
(% of hospital with access to 75% of the
essential drugs on a
sustainable basis)

75%

100%

1 As Sri Lanka is HIV low prevalence country HIV prevalence among the Antenatal Population is not screened for

New targets (Sept 2007)

Goal 1- Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

Achieve full & productive & decent work for all, including
women and young people

Goal 5- Improve maternal health

Achieve by 2015, universal access to reproductive health

Goal 6- Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases

Achieve by 2010, universal access to treatment for
HIV/AIDS for all who need it

Ensure env. Sustainability

Reduce biodiversity loss achieving by 2010, a significant
reduction in the rate of loss

Some organizations helping to

achieve the MDG

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

International Energy Agency (IEA)
International Labour Organization (ILO)
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Inter Parlimentary Union (IPU)
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
United Nations
UN Agencies
World Conservation Union
World Health Organization (WHO)

The MDG have shown that we can make

profound differences in peoples lives . The
journey we started in the year 2000 has
shown to build a solid foundation for further
progress

UN Secretary General : Ban Ki- Moon