PHYSIOLOGY
Instructor:
Dr. John Ramcharitar
The resting membrane potential
The resting membrane potential
Lecture Outline
Membrane Polarization
Equilibrium Potentials
GHK Equation
Electrochemical Driving Forces
Key Neurophysiological Techniques
Passive Membrane Properties
The Phospholipid Membrane
Hydrophilic regions
Hydrophobic regions
Phospholipid bilayer
Downloaded from: StudentConsult (on 5 September 2013 02:32 PM)
2005 Elsevier
Lipid Bilayer:
The lipid bilayer is a barrier to water and water-soluble substances
CO2
ions
glucose
N2
H2O
urea
O2
halothane
Cell Membrane
but, other molecules can still get across the membrane!
CO2
urea
ions
H2O
glucose
N2
O2
isoflurane
Permeability coefficients
Relative
Permeabilities
(cm/sec)
(coefficients are for an artificial lipid bilayer)
water
urea
glycerol
glucose
Cl
K+
Na+
-
10-2
high permeability
10-4
10-6
10-8
10-10
10-12
low permeability
The Nerst equation can be used to
determine E
Lecture Outline
Membrane Polarization
Equilibrium Potentials
GHK Equation
Electrochemical Driving Forces
Key Neurophysiological Techniques
Passive Membrane Properties
The Nernst Equation
Eion = 2.303 RT/zF.log [ion]o/[ion]i
The Nernst Equation
Eion = 2.303 RT/zF.log [ion]o/[ion]i
R = gas constant
T = absolute temperature
z = charge of the ion
F = Faradays constant
[ion]o = ion concentration outside
[ion]I = ion concentration inside
The Nernst Equation
Equilibrium Potentials
Calculates the exact value of an
equilibrium potential in mV
Takes into consideration:
Charge of the ion
Temperature
Ratio of the external and internal ion
concentrations
Simplified Nernst Equation
Ex = 58/z.log [ion]o/[ion]i
Group Exercise
Complete the following table:
Group Exercise
Complete the following table:
Potassium Leak Channel
Why must [K+]0 be
regulated?
Why is Vm Ek?
Lecture Outline
Membrane Polarization
Equilibrium Potentials
GHK Equation
Electrochemical Driving Forces
Key Neurophysiological Techniques
Passive Membrane Properties
Nernst Eq
Nernst Eq
GHK Eq
Lecture Outline
Membrane Polarization
Equilibrium Potentials
GHK Equation
Electrochemical Driving Forces
Key Neurophysiological Techniques
Passive Membrane Properties
Electrochemical Driving Forces
Driving force = Vm Ex
The larger the driving force, the
larger the observed current
V = IR
I = V/R
Conductance (G) = 1/R
=> I = GV
=> Ionic curent (Ix) = Gx(Vm Ex)
Electrochemical Driving Forces
Driving force = Vm Ex
The larger the driving force, the
larger the observed current
V = IR
I = V/R
Conductance (G) = 1/R
=> I = GV
=> Ionic curent (Ix) = Gx(Vm Ex)
Electrochemical Driving Forces
Lecture Outline
Membrane Permeability
Transport Proteins
Key Neurophysiological Methods
Patch Clamping
Passive Membrane Properties
The extracellular
approach
The intracellular
approach
Ion Channels
in
out
25 mV
Na+
Fig. 4.5
Figure 4-6A
Ion Channels
in
out
25 mV
Na+
Fig. 4.5
Patch-Type Recordings
Patch-Type Recordings
Patch-Type Recordings
Patch-Type Recordings
Patch-Type Recordings
Patch-Type Recordings
Lecture Outline
Membrane Permeability
Transport Proteins
Key Neurophysiological Methods
Patch Clamping
Passive Membrane Properties
Lecture Outline
Membrane Permeability
Transport Proteins
Key Neurophysiological Methods
Patch Clamping
Passive Membrane Properties
Do neurons display electrical properties
in the absence of an action potential?
100
%
37%
100
%
37%
