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Kansai Airport 2005

Kansai International Airport is located on a man-made island in Osaka Bay, Japan. Constructed between 1986-1996 at a cost of over $14 billion, it is one of the largest civil engineering projects of the 20th century. The subsurface of the island consists of deep deposits of soft marine clay. Initial settlement predictions of 19-25 feet underestimated the actual settlement of 27 feet experienced by 1990. The use of over 1 million sand drains was ineffective at accelerating consolidation, leading to continued post-construction settlement that damaged structures. Lessons learned were applied to a second construction phase, including deeper borehole investigations and updated predictions based on actual settlement data.

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257 views23 pages

Kansai Airport 2005

Kansai International Airport is located on a man-made island in Osaka Bay, Japan. Constructed between 1986-1996 at a cost of over $14 billion, it is one of the largest civil engineering projects of the 20th century. The subsurface of the island consists of deep deposits of soft marine clay. Initial settlement predictions of 19-25 feet underestimated the actual settlement of 27 feet experienced by 1990. The use of over 1 million sand drains was ineffective at accelerating consolidation, leading to continued post-construction settlement that damaged structures. Lessons learned were applied to a second construction phase, including deeper borehole investigations and updated predictions based on actual settlement data.

Uploaded by

divugoel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Kansai International Airport

(Phase-I) Foundation Case Study

By
Rajul Teredesai
CE 5333-Foundation Engineering
Spring 2005

Overview

Kansai
International
Airport (KIA)

Key Features

Located on a biggest man-made island in


Osaka Bay, Japan
Constructed cost over $14 billion
The island of 4 X 1 km, constructed in
around 18m of water, entirely from landfill
Project Started in 1986
Opened for flights in 1996
The ASCE named KIA the #2 civil
engineering project of the 20th century,
second only to the Panama Canal

Kansai Airport Aerial View

Construction of Airport
Stage

Activity

Time

Subsurface Investigation

1 year

II

Sea Wall Construction

2 years

III

Landfilling

4 years

IV

Terminal Construction

2 years

Bore Hole Locations

Subsurface of the Kansai Airport


Foundation

Seawall Construction

Up to 40 ft. above sea level


Tripod blocks on seaward side for
dissipation of wave energy

Seawall After Completion

Seawall
Construction

Mechanism of Sand Drains

Advantage of Sand Drains


The weight of the piled sand forces
the water in the clay to move outward
along the sand piles.

Application of One Million Sand


Drain at KIA

Reclamation

Three distinct
grades of sand,
gravel and rock
from nearby
mountains
Four years and 750
million cubic feet of
fill
Transportation on

Ground: Conveyor
Water: Barges

KIA Terminal Building

Architect: Renzo Piano

Settlement Predictions

Lack of experience with construction


on deep deposit of diluvial clay
Expected settlement = 19 to 25 ft
Actual settlement = 27 ft (by the end
of island construction in 1990)
It continued at the rate of 2 in/month

Settlement Calculations

Consolidation Settlement:

c ,ult

vo '
H Cc

log
1 eo
vo '

Time Rate of Consolidation (Terzaghi


1925):

2ue
ue

c v
2
t
z

What Went Wrong in Predictions?

Un-conservative estimation of
consolidation settlement
Wrong estimate of the time required
for completion of consolidation
settlement
Ineffectiveness of the sand drains in
achieving the required success 100%

Incomplete Consolidation

Underestimation of Excess Pore


Water Pressure
Airport
Started
Settlement
Continued

Coping With The Problem of


Continued Settlement

Basement of the terminal was lined


with a quarter of a million tons of iron
ore.

Result: Island sank faster than the


building it is trying to hold

Installation of hydraulic jacks under


the colums

Result: No differential settlement


between the columns of entire building

Learning From Mistakes

Using data actual settlement data


obtained from 1st phase of project
Analysis of 400-m-deep boring
exploration
State-of-the-art soil test methods
Expected Settlement = 18 m
http://
www.kald.co.jp/eindexframe.html

References

A report by Justin Phalen, UC-Davis, 2002


The official website of KIA http://
www.kald.co.jp/eindexframe.html

Questions?

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