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BSA and EFA

This document discusses different techniques for tapering antenna arrays to reduce unwanted side lobes. It describes binomial arrays, where side lobe elimination is possible if spacing is less than half the wavelength and current amplitudes follow binomial coefficients. However, binomial arrays increase beam width. Dolph-Tchebysceff arrays produce the narrowest beam width for a given side lobe level, making it optimal. Pattern multiplication allows calculating total field patterns of arrays by multiplying individual element patterns with array factor patterns.

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Arun Kumar Dhupam
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3K views

BSA and EFA

This document discusses different techniques for tapering antenna arrays to reduce unwanted side lobes. It describes binomial arrays, where side lobe elimination is possible if spacing is less than half the wavelength and current amplitudes follow binomial coefficients. However, binomial arrays increase beam width. Dolph-Tchebysceff arrays produce the narrowest beam width for a given side lobe level, making it optimal. Pattern multiplication allows calculating total field patterns of arrays by multiplying individual element patterns with array factor patterns.

Uploaded by

Arun Kumar Dhupam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BSA and EFA

D.ARUN KUMAR
DEPT OF ECE

TAPERING OF THE ARRAYS


The techniques used for reduction of unwanted side lobes are
called tapering.
As the amplitudes of currents in the linear array sources is nonuniform, one way of reducing the side lobe level is to make the
center source radiate more energy than the end ones, i.e. Tapering
is done form the center to end as per some prescription.
In this prescription which derives the name of the array.
Examples:
Binomial array - tapering follows coefficients of binomial series.
Dolph Tchebysceff arrays - tapering follows coefficients of
Tchebysceff polynomial.

Binomial array
In binomial array side lobes can be totally eliminated if
a) The spacing between the two consecutive elements
does NOT exceed half the wavelength and
b) The current amplitudes in the radiating sources are
proportional to the coefficient of successive terms of
the binomial series.

Binomial array-Disadvantages
The width of the beam (HPBW) increases, thus
decreasing the directivity.
For designing a large size array (more number of
elements) larger amplitude rate of currents for the
radiating sources is required, which is difficult to
achieve in practice.

Dolph Tchebysceff arrays


These arrays produce the narrowest beam width for a
given side lobe level or vice-versa.
As for a specified side lobe level, the narrowest beam
width is achieved by this distribution, it is considered
to be optimum. (d less than r equal to lamba by 2)
By this method it is possible to design a high gain
narrow beam antenna for side lobe levels of 20-30db
in VHF and UHF bands especially for radars.

Dolph Tchebysceff arrays - Advantages


It provides a minimum, rather than optimum beam
width for required side-lobe reduction.
It results in side lobes of same amplitude as against
progressively decreasing levels of uniform
distribution.
Tapering is not extreme, unlike in Binomial arrays.
i.e, the ratio of current between the centre element
and end elements is small providing easier feed
design.

Pattern Multiplication
Let E be the total field of the array of non-isotropic sources,
Ei=(, ) the field pattern of individual source,
Ea=(, ) be that of the array of isotropic point sources,
Epi=(, ) be the phase pattern of individual source and
Epa=(, ) be the phase pattern of array of isotropic point sources,
then by definition
E= {Epi=(, ) Ea(, ) } mulitiplied by{Epi=(, ) + Epa=(, ) } is true for
any number os similar sources

Pattern Multiplication
The total phase pattern is the addition of the phase
patterns of the individual sources and that of the array
of isotropic point sources. This concept is known as
pattern multiplication.
Advantages:
Gives a speedy method of sketching the pattern of
complicated arrays just by inspection.
Proves to be a useful tool in designing antenna arrays.
This method is very accurate as point by point
multiplication of pattern is carried out.

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