PROBLEMS WITH
CAUSATIVES
Causatives are the main verbs that cause people or
machines to do things or cause things to change.
They are listed below in order of the most forceful to
the least forceful
Make
Let
get
help
have
16. Causative MAKE
Remember that MAKE can be used as a causative. In
causative, a person does not perform an action
directly. The person causes it to happen by forcing
another person to do it.
S
MAKE
His mother
made
Someone
him
Verb word
take
His medicine
MAKE
something
Verb word
made
The machine
work
Examples
InC : She made the baby to take a nap
C
: She made the baby take a nap
Inc : I cant seem to make this dishwasher running
C
: I cant seem to make this dishwasher run
InC : patsy make everyone doing his share around
the house
C
: patsy make everyone do his share around the
house
Exercise:
Psychologist believe that incentives ... to increase our
productivity
A.Make us want
B.Make us to want
C.Making us want
D.Makes us want
Too mush water makes plants running bown on the
edges of their leaves
17. Causative GET
Remember that GET can be used as a causative.
S
GET
someone
Infinitive
Lets
get
Ralph
To go
GET
something
participle
Lets
get
Our car
fixed
With us
first
Examples
InC : Do you think that we can get a Karen takes us
to San Diaego?
C
: Do you think that we can get a Karen to take us
to San Diaego?
Inc : I want to get the house paint before winter
C
: I want to get the house painted before winter
Exercise
Lobbysits who represent special interest group get ...
that benefits their group
A.Congress to pass the legislation
B.Congress passed the legislation
C.The legislation to pass by Congress
D.The legislation that Congrees passing
In order to receive full reimbursement for jewelry that
might be stolen, the owner must get all piecess
appraise
18. Causative HAVE
Remember that HAVE can be used as a causative. In
causative, a person does not perform an action
directly
S
HAVE
someone
Verb word
My English
teacher
had
us
give
HAVE
Something
Participle
Want to have
This book
renewed
Oral report
please
Examples
Inc : Tom had a tooth fill
Co : Tom had a tooth filled
Inc : They had their lawyer to change their wills
Co : They had their lawyer change their wills
Exercises
Like humans, zoo animals must have a dentist ... Their
teeth
A. Fill
B. Filled
C. Filling
D.To be filled
Most predential candidated have their names print on the
ballot in New Hampshire primary election because it is
customerily the first one in the nation, and winning it can
give them a good chance to be nominated by their parties
19. Causative LET
Remember that LET can be used as a causative. With
LET, a person gives permission for another person to
do
S
LET
someone
Verb word
His mother
let
him
Go
To school
LET
something
Verb word
Am letting
This machine
cool
Examples
Inc : Professor Baker let us to write paper instead of
taking a final exam
Co : Professor Baker let us write paper instead of
taking a final exam
Inc : would you let us the borrow your notes?
Co : would you let us borrow your notes?
Exercise:
The Immigration and Naturalization Service often ...
Their Visas if they fill out the appropriate papers.
A.Lets students extend
B.Lets students for extend
C.Letting students to extend
D.Let students extending
The national Basketball Association will not let any
athlet to continue playing in the league unless he
submits voluntarily to treatment for drug addiction
20. Causative HELP
Remembe that HELP can be used as a causative. With
HELP, a person assists another person to do it
S
HELP
someone
Verb word
infinitive
He
Is helping
Me
type
My paper
He
Is helping
Me
To type
My paper
Examples
Inc : Her husband alway helps her that she does the
laundry
Co : Her husband alway helps her do the laundry
or
Her husband alway helps her to do the laundry
Exercises
In partnership with John D. Rockefeller, Henry
Flager ... The Standard Oil Company
A.Helped forming
B.Helped form
C.He help form
D.Helping to form
Doctors agree that the fluid arround the spinal cord
helps the nourish the brain
Problems with conditionals
Conditionals are statements with if or unless. They are
opinions about the conditions (circumstances) that
influence results, and opinions about the results.
There are two kinds of conditionals. In most grammar
books, they are called real or factual conditionals
unreal or contrary-to-fact conditionals. Factual
conditionals express absolute, scientific facts,
probable results, or possible results. Contrary-to-fact
conditionals express improbable or impossible
21. Factual conditionals absolute, scientific
results
Remember that absolute conditionals express
scientific facts. Will and verb word expresses the
opinion that the result is absolutely certain.
If
If
S
A catalyst
V
(present)
Is used
V (present)
The
reaction
occurs
will
Verb
word
The
reaction
will
occur
More
rapidly
or
If
If
S
A catalyst
V
(present)
Is used
More
rapidly
Examples:
In
: If water freezes, it has become a solid
C
: If water freezes, it becomes a solid
or
If water freezes, it will become a solid
In
: if light strikes a rough surface, it diffused
: if light strikes a rough surface, it diffuses
or
: if light strikes a rough surface, it will diffuse
Exercises:
If water is heated to 212 degrees F, . As steam
A.It will boil and escape
B.It is boiling and escaping
C.It boiled and escaped
D.It would boil and escape
If a live sponge is broken into pieces, each piece would
turn into a new sponge like the original one
22. Factual Conditionals-Probable Results for the
future
Remember that will and a verb word expresses the
opinion that the results are absolutely certain. In
order of more to less probable, use the following
modal: will, can, may
If
Will,
can, may
Verb
word
If
we
find
Her
address
we will
write
Her
we
will
write
her
If
find
Her
address
we
Examples
In
: If they have a good sale, I would have stopped
by on my way home
C
: If they have a good sale, I will stop by on my
way home
Or
I will stop by on my way home If they have a good sale
If services are increased, taxes
A.Will probably go up
B.Probably go up
C.Probably up
D.Going up probably
If you dont register before the last day of regular
registration, you paying a late fee
23. Factual conditionals Possible Results
Remember that although a past verb is used, the
opinion is for future time. In order of most possible
to least possible, use the following modals: would,
could, might
If she found her address, we would write her
could
might
We would write her if we found her address
Examples
In
: If jims family meet Karen, I am sure that they
would like her
C
: If jims family met Karen, I am sure that they
would like her
In
: If Judy didnt drink so much coffee, she
wouldnt have been so nervous
C
: If Judy didnt drink so much coffee, she
wouldnt be so nervous
Exercises
If Americans ate fewer foods with sugar and salt, their
general health
A.Be
B.Will be
C.Is
D.Would be
If drivers obeyed the speed limit, fewer accidents occur
24. Factual conditionals probable changes in
Past Results
Remember that the speaker or writer is expressing an
opinion about the result of the past under different
conditions or circumstances. In order of the most to
the least probable, use the following modals : would,
could, might
Example:
If we had found her address we would have written her
According to some historians, if Napoleon had not
invaded Russia, he the rest of Europe
A.Had conquered
B.Would conquer
C.Would have conquered
D.Conquered
If dinosaurs would have continued roaming the earth,
man would have evolved quite differently
25. Contrary-to-fact conditionals Impossible
Result were
Remember that the verb BE is always were in
contrary-to-fact conditionals
Example
If the party were on Friday, we could go
Examples:
In
: If my daughter is here, I would be very happy
C
: If my daughter were here, I would be very
happy
In
: This apartment be perfect if it were a little
larger
C
: This apartment would be perfect if it were a
little larger
If humans were totally deprived of sleep, they
hallucination, anxiety, coma, and eventually, death
A.Would experience
B.Experience
C.Would have experienced
D.Had experienced
If we were to consider all of the different kinds of
motion in discussing the movement of an object, it is
very confusing, because even an object at rest is
moving as the earth turns
26. Contrary-to-fact conditionals Change in
Conditions Unless
Remember that there is a subject and verb that
determines the change in conditions after the
connector unless
Examples
Luisa wont return unless (IF) she gets a scholarship
Examples:
In
: I cant go I dont get my work finished
C
: I cant go unless I get my work finished
In
: Dean never calls his father unless needs money
C
: Dean never calls his father unless he needs
money
Exercise
Football teams dont play in the Super Bowl
championship ---- either the National or the
American Conference
A.Unless they win
B.But they win
C.Unless they will win
D.But to have won
Usually Boy cannot become Scout Boys unless
completed the fifth grade
