Skeletal Pathology
Skeletal system
has 206 bones
Bone Fractures
A break in a bone
Types of bone fractures
Closed (simple) fracture break that does not
penetrate the skin
Open (compound) fracture broken bone
penetrates through the skin
Bone fractures are treated by reduction and
immobilization
Realignment of the bone
Common Types of Fractures
Table5.2
Repair of Bone Fractures
Hematoma (blood-filled swelling) is formed
Break is splinted by fibrocartilage to form a
callus
Fibrocartilage callus is replaced by a bony
callus
Bony callus is remodeled to form a
permanent patch
Stages in the Healing of a Bone
Fracture
Figure5.5
Anatomy of Bone
Structural Classification of
Joints
Fibrous joints
Generally immovable
Cartilaginous joints
Immovable or slightly moveable
Synovial joints
Freely moveable
Fibrous Joints
Bones united by fibrous tissue
Examples
Sutures
Syndesmoses
Allows more
movement than
sutures
Example: distal
end of tibia and
fibula
Figure5.27ab
Cartilaginous Joints
Bones connected by cartilage
Examples
Pubic
symphysis
Intervertebral
joints
Figure5.27de
Synovial Joints
Articulating
bones are
separated by a
joint cavity
Synovial fluid is
found in the joint
cavity
Figure5.24fh
Features of Synovial Joints
Articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage) covers
the ends of bones
Joint surfaces are enclosed by a fibrous
articular capsule
Have a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid
Ligaments reinforce the joint
Structures Associated with the Synovial Joint
Bursae flattened fibrous sacs
Lined with synovial membranes
Filled with synovial fluid
Not actually part of the joint
Tendon sheath
Elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon
The Synovial Joint
Figure5.28
Types of Synovial Joints Based
on Shape
Figure5.29ac
Types of Synovial Joints Based
on Shape
Figure5.29df
Inflammatory Conditions Associated with Joints
Bursitis inflammation of a bursa usually
caused by a blow or friction
Tendonitis inflammation of tendon sheaths
Arthritis inflammatory or degenerative
diseases of joints
Over 100 different types
The most widespread crippling disease in the
United States
Clinical Forms of Arthritis
Osteoarthritis
Most common chronic arthritis
Probably related to normal aging processes
Rheumatoid arthritis
An autoimmune disease the immune system
attacks the joints
Symptoms begin with bilateral inflammation of
certain joints
Often leads to deformities
Clinical Forms of Arthritis
Gouty Arthritis
Inflammation of joints is caused by a
deposition of urate crystals from the blood
Can usually be controlled with diet
Osteoporosis-disease
characterized
Osteoporosisby low bone mass & structural
deterioration of bone tissue
normal bone
osteoporotic bone
Skeletal
pathology
http://www.rad.washington.edu/mskbook/dysplasia.html
Osteochondroma
Osteochondroma
Osteosarcoma of Femur
http://wwwmedlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/BONEHTML/BONEIDX.html
http://wwwmedlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/BONEHTML/BONEIDX.html
metastatic
cancer
(radius)
Giant Cell
Tumor
Pelvis--left
ischial ramus
http://wwwmedlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/BONEHTML/BONEIDX.html
Giant Cell Tumor--proximal femur
http://wwwmedlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/BONEHTML/BONEIDX.html
Bone metastases of spine & pelvis
dark spots indicate osteolytic lesions (destroy bone)
http://wwwmedlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/BONEHTML/BONEIDX.html
MRI scan of spine
demonstrates
metastatic lesion
destroying C7
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Osteopetrosis
Failure of
osteoclastosis
http://www.rad.washington.edu/mskbook/dysplasia.html
Note
unusual
bone
density
Pagets Disease
Note hazy
appearance of
cranium
http://www.amershamhealth.com/medcyclopaedia/Volume%20III%201/Pagets%20disease.asp
Radiograph-Scoliosis
(lateral
curvature of
spine)
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http://wwwmedlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/BONEHTML/BONEIDX.html
Mild scoliosis in
lumbar region
MRI of Spine
compression
fractures due to
osteoporosis
that results in
kyphosis
http://wwwmedlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/BONEHTML/BONEIDX.html
Compression Fx.
Collapse of vertebra
Whats left of vertebral body
http://wwwmedlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/BONEHTML/BONEIDX.html
Herniated disk
compressing spinal
cord.
http://wwwmedlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/BONEHTML/BONEIDX.html
Osteoarthritis of
vertebral column
http://wwwmedlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/BONEHTML/BONEIDX.html
Normal femoral
head removed after
fracture.
Note smooth
articular cartilage.
http://wwwmedlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/BONEHTML/BONEIDX.html
http://wwwmedlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/BONEHTML/BONEIDX.html
Arthritic femoral
head removed due to
disease.
Note rough articular
surface.
Osteoarthritis
(proximal femur)
http://wwwmedlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/BONEHTML/BONEIDX.html
Osteoarthritis
anterior/superior
patella & posterior
tibia
http://wwwmedlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/BONEHTML/BONEIDX.html
Bunions
Rheumatoid Arthritis
http://wwwmedlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/BONEHTML/BONEIDX.html
Rheumatoid nodules at pressure points
of elbows
Gout from sodium urate crystals
deposited in joints.
Chronic gout eventually destroys bone.
Early stage of gout.
More advanced stage.
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