outline
Overview
BTS Structure
BTS hardware description
Baseband Digital Subsystem (BDS)
Channel Processing Module (CHM)
Basic Structure and Functions of CHM
Communication Control Module (CCM)
CCM Structure Diagram
Basic Composition and Functions of CCM
Description of Panel Indicators and Buttons
RF Interface Module (RFIM)
Diagram of RFIM Structure
Functions of the RFIM
E10B switching system(Term paper)
Block diagram of E-10-B system
CSE(Electronic subscriber connection)
CSE functions
URM (Multiplex connection unit)
Functions of URM
ETA (Frequency sender and receiving unit)
Frequency receiver (RF)
Tone generator (GT)
CX (Switching Network)
MR (Multi register)
TR (Translator)
TX (Charging Unit)
MQ (Markers)
OC ( Monitoring Unit)
overview
BTS contain base band system and transceiver system
The base band system includes:
CHM, CCM, RFIM, CDSU, SAM and power supply
module.
The transceiver system includes:
RF front end (RFE), transceiver (TRX), high power
amplifier (HPA) and power supply module.
According to the structure, the system includes
the following components from the top to the
bottom:
FE plug-in frame
HPA plug-in frame
Power distribution & module (PSMD/PPM/PSMC)
plug-in frames
TRX plug-in frame
BDS (baseband digital subsystem) plug-in frame
BTS
Structure
BTS HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
Base Station Transceiver(BTS), including the following
components:
(1) BDS: Baseband Digital Subsystem
CHM: Channel Processing Module
CCM: Communication Control Module
RFIM: RF Interface Module
SAM: Site alarm module
BTS_CDSU: BTS-side CDSU module
(2) TFS: Timing Frequency Subsystem
GPSTM: GPS Timing Module (optional, to be
customized)
FDM: Frequency Distribution Module
TCM: Timing Control Module
(3) RFS: RF Subsystem
TRX: RF Transceiver
HPA: High Power Amplifier
RFE: RF Front End
RFCM: RF Control Module
BTM: Base station Management subsystem
Baseband Digital Subsystem (BDS)
The main functions of the BDS are
To implement the modulation and demodulation of
baseband signals
To interface with the RF part and the Abis interfacing
with the BSC.
BDS is composed of up to 12 channel processing
modules (CHMs), 2 communication control modules
(CCM), 2 RF interface modules (RFIMs) and 1
BTS_CDSU module.
The BDS system can provide the modulation and
demodulation of up to 192 wireless channels
(including overhead channels, soft handoff service
channels and subscriber service channels).
The BDS system can provide one non-channelized E1
interface (Abis interface) with the data rate of 2Mb/s
or two non-channelized E1 interfaces of the same data
rate working in load sharing mode.
Channel Processing Module (CHM)
The channel
processing module
CMDU To RFIM
(CHM) is the basic Si gna l
part of CDMA p rocessor
channels, mainly unit
Bus To CCM
implementing the int erface
modulation and To CCM
demodulation of MAIU
various CDMA
channels.
Basic Structure and Functions of CHM
Channel processing unit:
The kernel control part of a CHM, implementing the board
internal management and maintenance.
Bus interface unit:
Implementing the communication connection between the CHM
and other boards in the BSS.
Channel modulating/demodulating unit:
Implementing the modulation and demodulation of the CDMA
channels.
Maintenance/alarm interface unit:
Sending the maintenance/alarm information in the CHM to the
upper-level board.
Communication Control Module (CCM)
the major function of the CCM is to implement
centralized control over the whole BDS subsystem’s
data signaling routing, signaling processing, resource
management and maintenance operations.
The various factors such as thermal design and
electromagnetic compatibility design have been taken
into consideration from the selection of components
to PCB arrangement, so as to ensure board reliability.
CCM Structure Diagram
Basic Composition and Functions of CCM
CPU system:
The kernel of the CCM, responsible for the processing of
related protocols (such as Abis interface protocol) and BDS
external communication, maintenance, management etc.
MTSI:
Master-to-slave interface
U-gateway:
Implements BDS internal communication control and the
connection with other subsystems;
Dual-bus logic interface:
Implementing the communication between the CCM
and other boards in the BDS and the communication
between the CCM and other boards in the BSS system;
5MHz clock generation and duplication:
Generating the working clock for the gateway and dual
buses.
Description of Panel Indicators and Buttons
•RUN(green):-Running indicator Blinking
when the board is working normally
•ALM(red):-Alarm indicator Lighting up
when board error occurs
•ACT(green)Active state indicator Lighting
up when board is in active state
•M/S button:-Master/slave switchover
•RST :-Button Manual reset
•TEST:-Socket Debugging port
RF Interface Module (RFIM)
RFIM is the short form of Radio Frequency Interface Module.
This module belongs to the digital subsystem in the BTS
system, Controlled by the communication control module
(CCM), is the connection point between the digital subsystem
and the RF subsystem.
The major functions of this module are as follows:
transmission and processing of transmission and reception
baseband data.
transmission and processing of non-emitted and non-received
basebands data (such as configuration control, status alarm etc.)
distribution and driving of clock signals.
Diagram of RFIM Structure
Functions of the RFIM
MCU system:
Implementing board startup, self-test, status error
reporting etc.
DISCO logic:
It receives the signaling from the CCM and then distributes
it to the RFCM of three sectors and the board’s own MCU,
and receives the signaling from the RFCM of three sectors
and reports the CCM after the interrupt polling processing.
Forward link processing:
Mainly implementing the summing processing and
filtration processing on the baseband data from the
channel board as per the sectors.
Backward link processing:
Mainly implementing synchronization check on the
data from the RFCM (RF control module).
Data multiplexing/demultiplexing unit:
It mainly implements multiplexing processing on the
forward data and signaling, transmits them to the FRCM
through LVDS
performs demultiplexing processing on the backward
data and signaling from the RFCM and then sends them
to the board’s FPGA for corresponding processing.
E10B switching system
Term paper
Block diagram of E-10-B system
CSE(Electronic subscriber
connection)
Its primary role is to connect subscriber line to different
exchange units.
The electronic subscriber unit contains 8 racks with 16
PCB cards in each rack and each PCB card contains 16
connections. Hence, total of 1024 connections.
NE= Equipment no is given from CSE. From equipment
no or no given to subscriber all the details about
subscriber line can be known
The CSE performs the following functions:
The management of subscribers.
interface between subscribers and the E 10 B units.
fault handling and identification of faulty units.
The functions related to the management of
subscribers are as follows:
feeding of subscriber lines.
detections of loop status.
processing of remote control signals.
connection or disconnection of a subscriber's equipment
on an TS.
search for a free time slot (TS).
The functions related to interface between subscribers and
the E 10 B units:
Analogue/digital conversion of speech paths
processing of new call, on-hook functions
test of a called subscriber
monitoring of subscribers during the communication phase
subscriber lines and equipment test
management of traffic counters
sending of alarms and error messages
The functions related to security and recovery
detection of international faults
tracing these faults
The CSE is divided into four functional areas:
Subscriber connection unit
concentration network
transmission unit
control logic
The subscriber lines are connected to the connection
units whose purpose are:
power to telephone sets.
detection of line loops.
sending of bell currents.
transfer to tests
The concentration network concentrates 1024 incoming
lines onto 120 outgoing ones.
The transmission unit performs analog/digital and
digital/analog conversion, transmission and reception of
speech samples on the LRs (CSEL) or the PCMs (CSED).
The control logic manages the speech path system
comprising the three units defined above and ensures
interchanges with the units of the exchange.
URM (Multiplex connection unit)
The multiplex connection unit provides the
connection interface between the E 10 B exchange and:
remote subscriber connection units (URAD)
trunk circuits from remote exchanges (E 10 B or other).
Within the URM is found PCM resynchronization,
speech-path mixing, signal injection and extraction, as
well as fault -handling and location functions.
Functions of URM
transmission of speech channels between PCM links and
network lines or multiplexes (transcoding, incoming
speech channel resynchronization with local clock)
Interchange with remote URA and other exchanges
URM also controls and supervises speech channel status,
and switches incoming PCM links so that in the event of
a switching network failure, traffic from an MRM module
is not entirely blocked.
ETA (Frequency sender and receiving unit)
It performs the following functions:
Reception of frequencies sent by pushbutton
telephones, exchanges using multi frequency signaling
and circuit testing frequencies (LRS links). After
decoding, these frequencies are sent to the MR (LTRF).
Generation of tones, multi frequency signaling and
circuit testing frequencies (GVS).
Simultaneous connection of subscribers: conference
circuits (links LRE-LRS).
Connection with central units (LU/LC).
Frequency receiver (RF): A minimum of 2 frequency
receivers for each ETA: RF1, RF2.These process the
frequencies or frequency combinations form 31 time
division channels
Tone generator (GT):A maximum of 3 tone generators for
each ETA: GT1, GT2, GT3.These continuously send the
various tones and frequencies over the GVS links and
convey the following signals:
usual tones, interrupted or continuous, IT, routing etc.,
Multi frequency signaling ensuring interchanges with the
remote exchanges
pure frequencies at preset levels intended for circuit testing
CX (Switching Network)
The switching network CX receives commands from control units
for switching digital signals from one time slot(TS) on an incoming
network line (LRE) to a TS on an outgoing network line (LRS).
The CX is connected to:
To the connection units
for speech paths
for signaling
to the control units
to UGCX for command or control
to OC for positioning
Each module can switch any TS from any LRE line to
any TS on any LRS line.
In other words, all incoming TS are accessible on all
outgoing TS. This concept is referred to as “ full
accessibility”.
The total switching network capacity is 384 LR
lines(LRS/LRE pairs). Since each module handles 16
lines, the maximum configuration is 24 switch
modules.
Each switch module is subdivided into three sections:
input time switch CTE
space switch CS
output time switch CTS
MR (Multi register)
Multi registers MR are control units.
They are the main decision making units during call set
up and release.
The 256 registers in each multi registers can supervise
simultaneously the setting up and clearing down of 254
calls, registers 0 and 255 being assigned to routine tasks.
There are 2 to 6 multi registers in exchange.
Each multi register can:
exchange messages with all central units,
send commands to the switching network,
receive subscriber or circuit signals from connection units UR.
Functions of multi registers:-
call processing functions
operation and maintenance function
environmental and links functions
Hardware of MR:-
The multi register has two sections:
the interchange unit
the register unit
TR (Translator)
The translator is a control unit.
It is duplicated for reasons of security, Two translators
operate in load sharing mode.
The translator provides the multi registers with all data
needed to set up and clear down calls, including that
relating to additional services.
On request from multi registers, the translator supplies
the characteristics of subscriber lines and trunk circuits.
The translator executes the following operations:
seeking subscriber line or circuit class of service data
when a new call ( calling subscriber off hook) condition
is detected.
translating prefixes or the first digits dialed by the
calling party.
translating called party directory numbers into
equipment or circuit numbers.
handling translation operations for chaining and
overflow routing functions.
managing additional services.
TX (Charging Unit):
The charging unit handles subscriber line accounts,
computes the number of basic metered units chargeable for
a given telephone call and outputs detailed billing data for
some subscribers.
Charging unit operations are initiated by multi registers. At
the start of each telephone call, on receiving a command
from a multi registers, the charging unit seeks and assigns a
charging register.
It receives charge metering pulses from trunk circuits.
It commands signal transmission where required.
It sends detailed billing messages and observation
messages to standby charge recording unit DSF where
the OMC is down or unavailable.
It sends subscriber meter readings detailed billing
messages ad traffic observation messages to OMC.
It stores traffic observation data.
Each exchange has two charging units operating on a
load sharing basis.
MQ (Markers)
The marker routes the main switching messages between
the different units in an exchange
This involves:
receiving new call and subscriber line or circuit on good
conditions from connection units
sending requests to connection units:
signaling sender/receiver, trunk circuit or subscriber line test
message
subscriber line or circuit supervision start or end message.
sending and receiving messages from the OMC.
OC ( Monitoring Unit)
The monitoring unit, one of the exchange central units,
provides the interface between the operation and
maintenance centre (OMC) and E 10 B exchange units
connected to the OMC.
It is connected to message transmission equipment ETM at
the OMC end.
The monitoring unit receives and processes messages from
the OMC addressed to exchange units, and forwards
messages from these units to the OMC.
