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2D Transformations

2D transformations include translation, rotation, and scaling. Translation moves all points by a constant amount in a given direction. Rotation turns objects around a fixed point by a given angle. Scaling enlarges or shrinks objects uniformly or differentially. Matrix math provides an efficient way to represent and combine transformations using multiplication. Common transformation matrices include the translation matrix, rotation matrix, and scaling matrix. Multiple transformations can be combined by multiplying their respective matrices in sequence.

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665 views15 pages

2D Transformations

2D transformations include translation, rotation, and scaling. Translation moves all points by a constant amount in a given direction. Rotation turns objects around a fixed point by a given angle. Scaling enlarges or shrinks objects uniformly or differentially. Matrix math provides an efficient way to represent and combine transformations using multiplication. Common transformation matrices include the translation matrix, rotation matrix, and scaling matrix. Multiple transformations can be combined by multiplying their respective matrices in sequence.

Uploaded by

Ram Ac
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2D& 3D TRANSFORMATIONS

2D Transformations
What is transformations?
The geometrical changes of an object from a
current state to modified state.

Why the transformations is needed?


To manipulate the initially created object and to
display the modified object without having to
redraw it.

2D Transformations
2 ways
Object Transformation
Alter the coordinates descriptions an object
Translation, rotation, scaling etc.
Coordinate system unchanged

Coordinate transformation
Produce a different coordinate system

Matrix Math
Why do we use matrix?
More convenient organization of data.
More efficient processing
Enable the combination of various
concatenations

Matrix addition and subtraction


a
b

c
d

a c
b d

Matrix Math
Matrix Multiplication
Dot product

a
c

b
d

e
g

f
= a.e + b.g
h
c.e + d.g

a.f + b.h
c.f + d.h

Translation
A translation moves all points
in an object along the same
straight-line path to new
positions.
The path is represented by a
vector, called the translation or
shift vector.
We can write the components:
p'x = px + tx
p'y = py + ty
or in matrix form:
P' = P + T
tx
x
x
y = y + ty

?
ty=4
(2, 2)

tx = 6

Rotation
A rotation repositions
all points in an object
along a circular path in
the plane centered at
the pivot point.
First, well assume the
pivot is at the origin.

Rotation

Review Trigonometry

=> cos = x/r , sin = y/r


x = r. cos , y = r.sin
=> cos (+ ) = x/r
x = r. cos (+ )
x = r.coscos -r.sinsin
x = x.cos y.sin
=>sin (+ ) = y/r
y = r. sin (+ )
y = r.cossin + r.sincos
y = x.sin + y.cos

P(x, y)

P(x,y)

x
Identity of Trigonometry

Rotation

We can write the components:


p'x = px cos py sin
p'y = px sin + py cos

P(x, y)

or in matrix form:
P' = R P
can be clockwise (-ve) or
counterclockwise (+ve as our
example).
Rotation matrix

cos
sin

sin
cos

P(x,y)

Rotation
Example
Find the transformed point, P, caused by
rotating P= (5, 1) about the origin through an
angle of 90.
cos
sin

sin

x x cos y sin

cos y x sin y cos


5 cos 90 1 sin 90

5 sin 90 1 cos 90

5 0 1 1

5 1 1 0

Scaling

Scaling changes the size of an


object and involves two scale
factors, Sx and Sy for the xand y- coordinates
respectively.
Scales are about the origin.
We can write the components:
p'x = sx px
p'y = sy py
or in matrix form:
P' = S P
Scale matrix as:
sx
S
0

0
s y

Scaling

If the scale factors are in between 0


and 1 the points will be moved
closer to the origin the object
will be smaller.
Example :
P(2, 5), Sx = 0.5, Sy = 0.5
Find P ?

P(2, 5)

Scaling

If the scale factors are in between 0


and 1 the points will be moved
closer to the origin the object
will be smaller.
Example :
P(2, 5), Sx = 0.5, Sy = 0.5
Find P ?
If the scale factors are larger than 1
the points will be moved away
from the origin the object will be
larger.
Example :
P(2, 5), Sx = 2, Sy = 2
Find P ?

P(2, 5)

Scaling
If the scale factors are the same,
Sx = Sy uniform scaling
Only change in size (as previous
example)
If Sx Sy differential scaling.
Change in size and shape
Example : square rectangle
P(1, 3), Sx = 2, Sy = 5 , P ?

P(1, 2)

What does scaling by 1 do?


What is that matrix called?
What does scaling by a negative value do?

Concatentation - Combining transformations

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