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Calculation of The Perforation Skin Effect

The document discusses methods for calculating the perforation skin effect, which accounts for how perforations impact well performance. Specifically, Karakas and Tariq (1988) presented a semi-analytical solution to calculate the perforation skin effect by dividing it into three components: the plane-flow effect, vertical converging effect, and wellbore effect. Near-wellbore damage from drilling and completion can reduce permeability, but perforating past the damaged zone can greatly increase productivity.

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Jiann Catanawan Capiral
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272 views

Calculation of The Perforation Skin Effect

The document discusses methods for calculating the perforation skin effect, which accounts for how perforations impact well performance. Specifically, Karakas and Tariq (1988) presented a semi-analytical solution to calculate the perforation skin effect by dividing it into three components: the plane-flow effect, vertical converging effect, and wellbore effect. Near-wellbore damage from drilling and completion can reduce permeability, but perforating past the damaged zone can greatly increase productivity.

Uploaded by

Jiann Catanawan Capiral
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CALCULATION OF THE

PERFORATION SKIN
EFFECT

1. Skin effect
2. Improving Flow
quality
INTRODUCTION

A MECHANISM TO ACCOUNT FOR THE EFFECTS OF


PERFORATIONS ON WELL PERFORMANCE
IS THROUGH THE INTRODUCTION OF THE PERFORATION
SKIN EFFECT, SP , IN THE WELL
PRODUCTION EQUATION.

For example, under steady-state conditions

KARAKAS AND TARIQ (1988) HAVE PRESENTED A SEMIANALYTICAL


SOLUTION FOR THE
CALCULATION OF THE PERFORATION SKIN EFFECT, WHICH THEY
DIVIDE INTO COMPONENTS:
THE PLANE-FLOW EFFECT, SH; THE VERTICAL CONVERGING
EFFECT, SV ; AND THE WELLBORE
EFFECT, SWB .
The total perforation skin effect is then

This skin effect is negative (except for = 0), but its


total contribution is
usually small.

Karakas and Tariq (1988) have also shown that


damage and perforations
can be characterized by a composite skin effect
Perforating past the near-wellbore damage can greatly increase wellbore
productivity. Drilling fluid solids and filtrate invasion, cement solids and
filtrate invasion, created emulsions, and destabilized formations caused by
drilling and vibrations can all reduce near-wellbore permeability permanently
or temporarily. Figure 10-14 is an example showing that productivity index
ratios can be greatly improved if the perforating charge can penetrate past
the depth of damage.

NEAR-WELL DAMAGE AND


PERFORATIONS

Some wells are perforated in only a portion of the


productive pay because of
geologic and drilling constraints or as an effort to
reduce water gas influx

PARTIAL COMPLETION

defined as perforating with the


pressure in the
wellbore lower than the
pressure in the formation.

UNDERBALANCED PERFORATING

2 Primary Factors

1.Formation fluid type


2.Reservoir
permeability

EOP is a near-wellbore stimulation technique


used in conjunction with the perforating
event.

EXTREMELY OVERBALANCED
PERFORATING

perforating operations are conducted


primarily to create a conductive path to
allow remedial cement squeezing or for
stimulation of the formation with treating
fluids such as massive hydraulic fractures
and acidizing.

PERFORATING FOR REMEDIAL


CEMENTING, HYDRAULIC FRACTURING,
OR OTHER STIMULATIONS

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