HISTORY OF
MICROPROCESSORS
CONTENTS
Introduction
4-Bit Microprocessors
8-Bit Microprocessors
16-Bit Microprocessors
32-Bit Microprocessors
INTRODUCTION
Fairchild Semiconductors (founded in 1957) invented the first
IC in 1959.
In 1968, Robert Noyce, Gordan Moore, Andrew Grove
resigned from Fairchild Semiconductors.
They founded their own company Intel (Integrated
Electronics).
Intel grown from 3 man start-up in 1968 to industrial giant by
3
1981.
4-BIT MICROPROCESSORS
INTEL 4004
Introduced in 1971.
It was the first microprocessor by
Intel.
It was a 4-bit P.
Its clock speed was 740KHz.
It had 2,300 transistors.
It could execute around 60,000
INTEL 4040
Introduced in 1974.
It was also 4-bit P.
8-BIT MICROPROCESSORS
INTEL 8008
Introduced in 1972.
It was first 8-bit P.
Its clock speed was 500
KHz.
Could execute 50,000
instructions per second.
INTEL 8080
Introduced in 1974.
It was also 8-bit P.
Its clock speed was 2
MHz.
It had 6,000 transistors.
instructions
second.
Was 10 timesper
faster
than
8008.
Introduced in 1976.
It was also 8-bit P.
INTEL 8085
Its clock speed was 3 MHz.
Its data bus is 8-bit and
address bus is 16-bit.
It had 6,500 transistors.
Could execute 7,69,230
Over
100 million
copies
instructions
per second.
were sold.
10
16-BIT MICROPROCESSORS
Introduced in 1978.
It was first 16-bit P.
Its clock speed is 4.77 MHz, 8
MHz and 10 MHz, depending on
the version.
INTEL 8086
Its data bus is 16-bit and
address bus is 20-bit.
It had 29,000 transistors.
Could
execute 2.5
It
had Multiply
andmillion
Divide
instructions
per
second.
instructions.
INTEL 8088
Introduced in 1979.
It was also 16-bit P.
It was created as a cheaper
version of Intels 8086.
It was a 16-bit processor with
an 8-bit external bus.
Could execute
2.5 million
industry
when IBM
used it for
instructions
its
first PC. per second.
13
INTEL 80186 & 80188
Introduced in 1982.
They were 16-bit Ps.
Clock speed was 6 MHz.
80188 was a cheaper
version of 80186 with an 8bit external data bus.
They had additional
Interrupt Controller
components like:
Clock Generator
Local Bus Controller
INTEL 80286
Introduced in 1982.
It was 16-bit P.
Its clock speed was 8 MHz.
Its data bus is 16-bit and
address bus is 24-bit.
It could address 16 MB of
memory. per second.
instructions
15
32-BIT MICROPROCESSORS
INTEL 80386
Introduced in 1986.
It was first 32-bit P.
Its data bus is 32-bit and
address bus is 32-bit.
It could address 4 GB of
memory.
It had 2,75,000 transistors.
Its clock speed varied from 16
MHz to 33 MHz depending upon
the various versions.
Different versions:
Intel
80386 became the best
80386 DX
selling microprocessor in history.
17
Introduced in 1989.
It was also 32-bit P.
It had 1.2 million transistors.
Its clock speed varied from 16
MHz to 100 MHz depending
upon the various versions.
It had five different versions:
80486 DX
80486 SX
80486 DX2
INTEL PENTIUM
Introduced in 1993.
It was also 32-bit P.
It was originally named 80586.
Its clock speed was 66 MHz.
Its data bus is 32-bit and
address bus is 32-bit.
It could address 4 GB of
memory.
8 KB for data.
Could execute 110 million
INTEL PENTIUM PRO
Introduced in 1995.
It was also 32-bit P.
It had L2 cache of 256 KB.
It had 21 million transistors.
8 KB for instructions.
8 KB for data.
It was primarily used in
server systems.
Cache memory:
INTEL PENTIUM II
Introduced in 1997.
It was also 32-bit P.
Its clock speed was 233
MHz to 500 MHz.
Could execute 333 million
instructions per second.
were on one circuit.
MMX technology was
INTEL PENTIUM II XEON
Introduced in 1998.
It was also 32-bit P.
It was designed for servers.
Its clock speed was 400
MHz to 450 MHz.
L1 cache of 32 KB & L2
in same system.
cache of 512 KB, 1MB or 2
MB.
INTEL PENTIUM III
Introduced in 1999.
It was also 32-bit P.
Its clock speed varied
from 500 MHz to 1.4
GHz.
It had 9.5 million
transistors.
INTEL PENTIUM IV
Introduced in 2000.
It was also 32-bit P.
Its clock speed was from
1.3 GHz to 3.8 GHz.
L1 cache was of 32 KB &
L2 cache of 256 KB.
to copper.
It had 42 million transistors.
INTEL DUAL CORE
Introduced in 2006.
It is 32-bit or 64-bit P.
It has two cores.
Both the cores have there
own internal bus and L1
cache, but share the
external bus and L2 cache
(Next Slide).
Adobe SMT
Photoshop
ItE.g.:
supported
supported SMT.
technology.
25
64-BIT MICROPROCESSORS
INTEL CORE 2
Introduced in 2006.
It is a 64-bit P.
Its clock speed is from 1.2
GHz to 3 GHz.
It has 291 million transistors.
It has 64 KB of L1 cache per
core and 4 MB of L2 cache.
Intel Core 2 Duo
It is launched in three different
versions:
Intel Core 2 Quad
Intel Core 2 Extreme
28
INTEL CORE I7
Introduced in 2008.
It is a 64-bit P.
It has 4 physical cores.
Its clock speed is from 2.66
GHz to 3.33 GHz.
It has 781 million
cache.
transistors.
INTEL CORE I5
Introduced in 2009.
It is a 64-bit P.
It has 4 physical cores.
Its clock speed is from 2.40
GHz to 3.60 GHz.
It has 781 million
cache.
transistors.
INTEL CORE I3
Introduced in 2010.
It is a 64-bit P.
It has 2 physical cores.
Its clock speed is from 2.93
GHz to 3.33 GHz.
It has 781 million
cache.
transistors.
