Development of teethOdontogenesis
Dr Jamal N. Naim
PhD in Orthodontics
Objectives
To provide a detailed description of tooth
formation and development.
To explain different hypothesis about tooth
initiation and type determination.
To understand the histological aspect of different
stages of tooth development.
To discuss the formation and development of
dental root and supporting tissues.
To give a brief comments on related clinical
aspects.
Stages of tooth development
formation of primary epithelial band
down growth of dental lamina
development, differentiation & morphogenesis
of tooth bud
Bud stage
Cap stage
Bell stage
Crown stage
dentinogenesis
amelogenesis
root formation
tooth eruption
... ... ...
Three processes overlap the development stages
Histogenesis
differentiation of cells
Initiation
site of future teeth established
Morphogenesis
shape of the tooth determined
Stages of tooth development
initiation stage 6th to 7th week
bud stage 8th week
cap stage 9th to 10th weeks
bell stage 11th to 12th weeks
Apposition stage varies per tooth
Maturation stage varies per tooth
... ... ...
tooth development occurs in the primitive oral cavity
stomatodeum
First signs of formation day 11
stomatodeum
lined by thin epithelium derived from ectoderm
embryonic connective tissue ectomesenchyme
development of teeth involves interactions between
ectoderm and ecto-mesoderm.
mechanisms remain unknown
Primary epithelial
Band
Initiation of tooth development
Involves epithelial-ectomesenchymal interactions
Thickening of the epithelium where tooth formation will
occur on the 1st branchial arch
Primary epithelial band
appears at ~ 5-6
weeks of development
in future maxilla &
mandible
horseshoe shaped
band of thickened
epithelium in the
position of future
dental arches
superficial epithelial
thickening
From Nanci (2003) Ten cate oral histology
showing the location of the primary epithelial bands
Dental lamina
derived from the
primary epithelial
band
epithelial band divides
into two at 7 weeks
and grows away from
the epithelial surface
vestibular lamina
(buccally vestibule)
dental lamina (lingually
teeth)
Dental lamina
Tooth formation -initial
stage The dental lamina develops a series of
epithelial outgrowths - grow deep into the
mesenchyme
develops in the future spot for the dental
arches
will form the midline for these arches
arches then form posteriorly from this point
the ingrowths represent the future sites for
each deciduous tooth
Tooth formation -initial
stage the vestibular lamina cells rapidly enlarge and
then degenerate forms a cleft that becomes
the vestibule of the oral cavity
The initiation of tooth formation starts
around the 37th day of gestation.
Early Dental Lamina
Tongue
Dental lamina Vestibular lamina
Copyright 2007, Thomas G. Hollinger, Gainesville, Fl
Late Dental
Lamina
Late Dental lamina
from: Ten Cate: Oral Histology - Development, Structure and Function
Both deciduous & permanent
dentitions arise from dental
lamina
deciduous teeth
arise from the
initial development
of the dental
laminae
~ 13 weeks in utero
epithelium
proliferates at 10
sites in each dental
lamina to form the
early tooth germs
(from: Berkovitz. Oral Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Mosby- Wolfe, Inc.)
... ... ...
Permanent incisors,
canines & premolars form
as a result of further
proliferation of the dental
laminae on the lingual
aspect of the deciduous
tooth germ.
The permanent tooth
germ remains dormant for
sometimes
(from: Berkovitz. Oral Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Mosby- Wolfe, Inc.)
... ... ...
Permanent molar teeth
have no deciduous
predecessor
Permanent molars develop
from growth of the dental
lamina below the
epithelium of the oral
cavity posteriorly.
from: Ten Cate: Oral Histology - Development, Structure and Function
Tooth type determination
Patterning means the determination of
specific tooth type at the correct position.
Homodont are animals with same shaped
teeth
Heterodont are the most mammals with
different tooth types
Two theories for the determination of tooth
type
Tooth type determination
The field model theory proposes that factors
responsible for the determination reside
within the ectomesenchyme, but graded fields
for each tooth
The clone model theory proposes that each
tooth is derived from a clone of
ectomesenchymal cells programmed by the
epithelium to produce a given pattern.
Tooth germ formation
bud stage
cap stage
early bell stage
late bell stage rapid change in size & shape
crown stage
root formation
dentine formation
enamel formation
cementum formation
Bud stage
~8 weeks in utero
individual epithelial bud
(swellings) on the deep
surface of the dental lamina
are recognisable
little changes in shape or
function of epithelial cells
ectomesenchyme cells are
closely packed around
epithelial bud
Bud stage
.Epithelial bud( A)
.Ecto- Mesenchymal Cells( B)
Tongue
Bud stage
Future dental papil
Cap stage
11 weeks in utero
Proliferation of epithelial
bud & invagination of the
deeper surface of the
epithelial bud forms the cap
shape
More condensation of
ectomesenchyme
Increase in morphogenesis
central cells of enamel organ
spherical while peripheral
cells become cuboidal
Cap stage
11 weeks in utero
More condensation of ectomesenchyme
characterized by continuation of the ingrowth of the
oral epithelium into the mesenchyme.
tooth bud of the dental lamina proliferates unequally
in different parts of the bud
forms a cap shaped tissue
attached to the remaining
dental lamina
looks like a cap sitting on a
ball of condensing
mesenchyme
Cap stage
occurs for the primary dentition during the fetal period
this stage marks the beginning of
histodifferentiation; (differentiation of similar
epithelial cells into functionally and morphogically
distinct components)
the tooth germ also begins to take on form start of
morphodifferentiation
Cap stage
a depression forms in the
deepest part of each
tooth bud and forms the
cap or enamel organ (or
dental organ)
produces the future
enamel (ectodermal
origin)
Cap stage
below this cap is a
condensing mass of
mesenchyme dental
papilla produces the
future dentin and pulp
tissue (mesenchymal
origin)
Cap stage
the basement membrane
separating the dental
organ and the dental
papilla becomes the
future site for the
dentinoenamel junction
(DEJ)
Cap
stage
remaining mesenchyme surrounds the dental/enamel
organ and condenses to form the dental sac or the
dental follicle
Cap Stage of
Tooth
Development
Dental (enamel) organ
Dental papilla
dental follicle
Tooth germ
Copyright 2007, Thomas G. Hollinger, Gainesville, Fl
Oral Histology, 5th edition, A R Ten Cate
Cap Stage
Copyright 2007, Thomas G. Hollinger, Gainesville, Fl
Cap stage
together the enamel organ + dental papilla +
dental follicle is considered the developing
tooth germ or tooth primordium
these primordium will be housed in the
developing dental arches and will develop
into the primary dentition
Cap stage
Enamel knots are
clusters of nondividing
epithelial cells visible in
sections of molar cap
stage tooth germs.
They play an important
role by the cuspal
morphogenesis.
