C4 BASED PROCESS
5.1 BUTADIENE
SYNTHESIS OF BUTADIENE
REACTION MECHANISM
EXTRACTION FROM C4 HYDROCARBONS
DEHYDROGENATION OF N-BUTANE
FROM ETHANOL
FROM BUTENES
FOR LAB USE
FROM ETHANOL
CATALYST : Magnesia-silica
REACTION MECHANISM
i.
Ethanol dehydrogenated to form
acetaldehyde
ii. Condensation of acetaldehyde to form
acetaldol
iii. Dehydrogenation of acetaldol formed
croton aldehyde
iv. Hydrogen transfer reaction with croton
aldehyde added with ethanol
FROM N-BUTANE
REACTION
MECHANISM
Oxidative Dehydrogenation (ODH) of nbutane
PRODUCT
Butadiene
1-butene , trans-2-butene , cis-2-butene
CATALYST
Vanadium-magnesium-oxide (V-Mg-O) @
magnesium vanadate
Magnesia-zirconia(MgO- ) + magnesium
vanadate nano-catalyst
EXTRACTION FROM C4
HYDROCARBONS
REACTION MECHANISM
i.
Crude C4 & DMF solvent input to the 1 st
distillation column
ii. The stream separated into 2
a) C4 raffinate-1
b) Butadiene & acetylene in DMF solvent
iii. The stream with DMF solvent fed to the 2 nd
extractive distillation column, at the same time
the vinylacetylene removed
iv. From the top stream of the column, butadiene
purification will occur and the remain acetylene
removed.
v.
1,3-Butadiene produced in two distillation column
BUTADIENE PRODUCTS
COPOLYMERS FROM BUTADIENE
Styrene Butadiene (SBR)
Acrylonitrile Butadiene (NBR)
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
STYRENE BUTADIENE (SBR)
Styrene(25%) mix with butadiene(75%) and purified by
20% aqueous caustic purification
Then, the stream will continuously passed through 612 glass-line/stainless steel reactors.
Residence time: 5-15 hours
Steam heating, water cooling, refrigeration process
occurs in the reactors
Cold SBR - 5C, 1 atm gauge
Hot SBR - 50C, 3-4 atm gauge
Stripped with chemical inhibitors, next, latex resulting
from the reactors collected in blow down tanks
The latex will fed to the falling film stripper to
remove the unreacted butadiene, and the bottom
fed to perforated plate column to strip out the
styrene
Free emulsion added in the blend tanks and the
latex coagulated to rubber
The crumbs of rubber will float onto shaker
screens, next, catalyst, emulsifiers and other
soluble removed by action of wash water
The crumbs dried in continuous belt dryers with
hot air and pressed into bales
ACRYLONITRILE BUTADIENE (NBR)
Emulsifier(soap), 2-propenenitrile, butadiene monomers and
catalyst fed to the polymerization vessel
Water added into the mixture as the reaction medium
Hot NBR - 30-40C
Cold NBR - 5-15C
Residence time: 5-15 hours
After 70% of conversion, short stop agent will be supply
Dimethyl dithiocarbamate
Diethyl hydroxylamine
Resultant later, the unreacted monomers remove through
steam into slurry stripper
Latex sent through series of filters to remove
unwanted solid
Then, sent to blending tanks to stabilized it with
antioxidant
The yielded polymer latex coagulated using calcium
nitrate, aluminium sulfate and other agent in
aluminium tank
Coagulated substance washed and dried into crumb
rubber
Most polymerization
used
ACRYLONITRILE BUTADIENE
STYRENE(ABS)
Emulsion process
Suspension
Continuous mass
Hybrid emulsion mass process
It combines the features of the emulsion
process, which forms polybutadiene latex and
grafts styrene and acrylonitrile, while, the
mass process, makes the styrene acrylonitrile
component.
1st phase
Rubbery phase dispersed in a continuous glassy
matrix of styrene acrylonitrile copolymer(SAN)
through boundary layer of SAN graft
SAN : rubber polymerized from butadiene
2nd phase
Styrene and acrylonitrile graft-polymerized to the
rubber
Thus, forming the boundary layer between the
dispersed rubber phase and continuous glassy matrix
