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Hydroelectric Powerplant

(1) Hydroelectric power plants convert the kinetic energy of falling water into electrical energy using a turbine and generator. The amount of power generated depends on the height and quantity of water flowing. (2) Key components of hydroelectric power plants include a water reservoir, dam, spillway, trash rack, forebay, and water tunnel. The reservoir provides a continuous water supply, while the dam increases the water's "head" or falling height to turn the turbine. (3) Hydroelectric power has advantages of being renewable, producing no greenhouse gases, and offering low and stable long-term power generation. However, it depends on water availability and has high initial costs.

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24 views26 pages

Hydroelectric Powerplant

(1) Hydroelectric power plants convert the kinetic energy of falling water into electrical energy using a turbine and generator. The amount of power generated depends on the height and quantity of water flowing. (2) Key components of hydroelectric power plants include a water reservoir, dam, spillway, trash rack, forebay, and water tunnel. The reservoir provides a continuous water supply, while the dam increases the water's "head" or falling height to turn the turbine. (3) Hydroelectric power has advantages of being renewable, producing no greenhouse gases, and offering low and stable long-term power generation. However, it depends on water availability and has high initial costs.

Uploaded by

saravanan v
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HYDROELECTRIC

POWERPLANT

Kinetic energy in falling water from a


height is converted into mechanical
energy by a turbine and electrical
energy by a generator.

Amount of electricity generated


depends upon,
(1) water falling from a height,
(2) quantity of water flowing.

Why hydro power:


Electricity is produced at constant rate.
If the electricity is not required, the plant can
stop electricity generation.
Dams are designed to last many decades, and
so they contribute to the generation of
electricity for many years.
The lakes water can be used for irrigation
purpose.
No greenhouse gases produced.

Layout of hydroelectric power


plant

components

Water reservoir
Dam
Spillway
Trash rack
Forebay
Water tunnel

Water reservoir:
continuous availability of water is the
basic necessity for hydro electric
power plant.
So, the same quantity of water is
supplied to the turbine throughout
the year.
The water surface in the storage
reservoir is called headrace.

Dam:
To increase the head of the power
plant.
Spillway:
Safe release of water from dam to
downstream.
It acts as a safety valve for dam.

Trash rack:
To prevent the entry of debris which
might damage the turbine runners.

Forebay:
Temporary reservoir.
Provide minimum head over
penstock.

Surge tank:
When load on the turbine is reduced as a
result of reduction in load on the
generator there will be a sudden back
flow of water. This increases pressure in
the penstock suddenly.
To absorb sudden rises of pressure, as
well as to quickly provide extra water
during a brief drop in pressure.
To control the pressure variations, due to
rapid changes in the pipeline flow, thus
eliminating water hammer possibilities.

Classification of hydro electric


power plant
Availability of head
Low head
Medium head
High head
Nature of load
Base load
Peak load

Quantity of water available:


Run-off river without pondage
Run-off river with pondage
Pumped storage plant

advantages
Water is the cheapest source of
energy.
Renewable.
Cost is totally absent.
No problem in handling coal and ash.
Running cost is low
Maintenance cost is low

disadvantages
Power generation is dependant on
quantity of water.
Initial cost is high.
Long transmission lines to deliver
power.
Takes longer time to installation
when compared to thermal power
plant.

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