Training Session
Pumps & Pumping
Systems
(By Gagandeep singh)
Roll no. - 1319405
Training Agenda: Pumps
Introduction
Type of pumps
Assessment of pumps
Energy efficiency opportunities
Introduction
What are Pumping Systems
Objective of pumping system
Transfer liquid
from source to
destination
Circulate liquid
around a system
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Introduction
What are Pumping Systems
Main pump components
Pumps
Prime movers: electric motors, diesel engines,
air system
Piping to carry fluid
Valves to control flow in system
Other fittings, control, instrumentation
Training Agenda: Pumps
Introduction
Type of pumps
Assessment of pumps
Energy efficiency opportunities
Type of Pumps
Pump Classification
Classified by operating principle
Pumps
Dynamic
Centrifugal
Others (e.g.
Impulse, Buoyancy)
Special effect
Internal
gear
Positive
Displacement
Rotary
External
gear
Reciprocating
Lobe
Slide
vane
Type of Pumps
Positive Displacement Pumps
Reciprocating pump
Displacement by reciprocation of piston
plunger
Used only for viscous fluids and oil wells
Rotary pump
Displacement by rotary action of gear, cam or
vanes
Several sub-types
Used for special services in industry
Type of Pumps
Dynamic pumps
Mode of operation
Rotating impeller converts kinetic energy into
pressure or velocity to pump the fluid
Two types
Centrifugal pumps: pumping water in
industry 75% of pumps installed
Special effect pumps: specialized conditions
Type of Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps
How do they work?
Liquid forced into
impeller
Vanes pass kinetic
energy to liquid: liquid
rotates and leaves
impeller
Volute casing converts
kinetic energy into
pressure energy
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Type of Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps
Rotating and stationary components
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Type of Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps
Impeller
Main rotating part that provides centrifugal
acceleration to the fluid
Number of impellers = number of pump stages
Impeller classification: direction of flow, suction type
and shape/mechanical construction
Shaft
Transfers torque from motor to impeller during pump
start up and operation
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Type of Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps
Casings
Functions
Volute Casing
Enclose impeller as pressure vessel
Support and bearing for shaft and impeller
Volute case
Impellers inside casings
Balances hydraulic pressure on pump shaft
Circular casing
Vanes surrounds impeller
Used for multi-stage pumps
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Training Agenda: Pumps
Introduction
Type of pumps
Assessment of pumps
Energy efficiency opportunities
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Assessment of pumps
How to Calculate Pump Performance
Pump shaft power (Ps) is actual horsepower
delivered to the pump shaft
Pump shaft power (Ps):
Ps = Hydraulic power Hp / pump efficiency Pump
Pump Efficiency (Pump):
Pump = Hydraulic Power / Pump Shaft Power
Pump output/Hydraulic/Water horsepower (Hp) is
the liquid horsepower delivered by the pump
Hydraulic power (Hp):
Hp = Q (m3/s) x Total head, hd - hs (m) x (kg/m3) x g (m/s2) / 1000
hd - discharge head
- density of the fluid
hs suction head,
g acceleration due to gravity
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Assessment of pumps
Difficulties in Pump Assessment
Absence of pump specification data
to assess pump performance
Difficulties in flow measurement and
flows are often estimated
Improper calibration of pressure
gauges & measuring instruments
Calibration not always carried out
Correction factors used
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Training Agenda: Pumps
Introduction
Type of pumps
Assessment of pumps
Energy efficiency opportunities
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Energy Efficiency Opportunities
1. Selecting the right pump
2. Controlling the flow rate by speed
variation
3. Pumps in parallel to meet varying
demand
4. Eliminating flow control valve
5. Eliminating by-pass control
6. Start/stop control of pump
7. Impeller trimming
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Energy Efficiency Opportunities
1. Selecting the Right Pump
Pump performance curve for centrifugal
pump
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006
Energy Efficiency Opportunities
2. Controlling Flow: speed
variation
Benefits of Variable Speed Drives (VSDs)
Energy savings (not just reduced flow!)
Improved process control
Improved system reliability
Reduced capital and maintenance
costs
Soft starter capability
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Energy Efficiency Opportunities
3. Parallel Pumps for Varying Demand
Multiple pumps: some turned off during low
demand
Used when static head is >50% of total head
System curve
does not change
Flow rate lower
than sum of
individual
flow rates
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Energy Efficiency Opportunities
4. Impeller Trimming
Changing diameter: change in
velocity
Considerations
Cannot be used with varying flows
No trimming >25% of impeller size
Impeller trimming same on all sides
Changing impeller is better option but more
expensive and not always possible
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Energy Efficiency Opportunities
Comparing Energy Efficiency
Options
Parameter
Change
control valve
Trim impeller
VFD
Impeller
diameter
430 mm
375 mm
430 mm
Pump efficiency
75.1%
72.1%
77%
Rate of flow
80 m3/hr
80 m3/hr
80 m3/hr
Power
consumed
23.1 kW
14 kW
11.6 kW
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Training Session
Pumps & Pumping
Systems
THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION
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