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TKT Part 2 Phonology

Phonology is the study of sounds in a language that convey meaning. It includes phonemes, stress, and intonation. Phonemes are the smallest units of sound that distinguish meaning, like the /s/ sound making "books" plural. Phonemes can be represented with phonetic symbols. Stress influences how words and sentences are pronounced by emphasizing certain syllables. Intonation is the rising and falling tones of speech. Teaching pronunciation involves focusing on phonemes, stress, intonation, and minimal word pairs to improve learners' ability to understand various accents in English.

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164 views7 pages

TKT Part 2 Phonology

Phonology is the study of sounds in a language that convey meaning. It includes phonemes, stress, and intonation. Phonemes are the smallest units of sound that distinguish meaning, like the /s/ sound making "books" plural. Phonemes can be represented with phonetic symbols. Stress influences how words and sentences are pronounced by emphasizing certain syllables. Intonation is the rising and falling tones of speech. Teaching pronunciation involves focusing on phonemes, stress, intonation, and minimal word pairs to improve learners' ability to understand various accents in English.

Uploaded by

Blas Chinatti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PHONOLOGY

WHAT IS IT EXACTLY ?
Phonology is the study of the sound features used in
a language to communicate meaning. In English these
features include phonemes, word stress, sentence
stress and intonation.

A PHONEME is the smallest unit of sound that has


meaning in a language.

Example: the S in BOOKS in English shows that


something is plural, so the sound /s/ has meaning.
The phonemes of a language can be
represented by phonemic symbols, such as /i:/ or
/ai/. Each phonemic symbol represents only ONE
phoneme.
Phonemic script: its a set of
phonemic symbols which show (in
writing) how words are pronounced.

The symbols are often grouped into:


CONSONANTS & VOWELS

And the vowels in turn, can be divided


into MONOPHTONGS (single vowel
sounds) and DIPHTONGS (a
combination of two vowel sounds)
Example of a common dictionary
entry:

Tuesday
nounUK/tjuzde/US/tuzde/
A1thedayof theweekafter
Mondayand beforeWednesday

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/es/dicci
onario/ingles-espanol/tuesday?
q=Tuesday
Its all about the STRESS!
Its none other than the part of the word
which we say with greater energy.

The other syllables are unstressed or weak


whose vowels get shortened or sometimes
even disappear. (Example: IMPORTANT)

Stress also influences how sentences and


incomplete sentences are pronounced .
But lets not forget the intonation! It
is the movement of the level of the
voice.
So when teaching remember:

Learners of English need to be able to understand wide


variety of accents in English, as English becomes more and
more a global language.

As pronunciation communicates so much of our meaning,


producing sounds in a way that can be widely understood is
extremely important in language learning.

A regular focus in lessons on different aspects of


pronunciation helps to make learners aware of its
importance.

Teaching materials sometimes include activities or exercises


which focus on hearing or producing different sounds in a
MINIMAL PAIR. (ship and sheep, hut and hat, thing and
think, chip and ship)

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