DISEASES IN SHEEP &
GOAT
AND PREVENTION
Orf Virus (Sore Mouth Disease)
Caused by parapox virus
Also known as contagious pustular dermatitis,
infectious labial dermatitis, ecthyma contagiosum,
thistle disease, and scabby mouth.
Scabby lesion
In sheep
Pathogenesis
Infection through damaged skin / scars (abrasion)
Sheep grazing stubble or on harsh feed are most
susceptible to scabby mouth infection due to a higher
incidence of minor injuries of the mouth and feet
Clinical Diagnose
Sores are typically found on the lips, muzzle, and in the
mouth.
Early in the infection, sores appear as blisters that
develop into crusty scabs.
Sheep and goats may get sores on their lower legs and
teats, especially when ewes or does are nursing infected
lambs or kids.
Differential Diagnose
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)
Prevention
Vaccinating animals
Since animals with cuts or abrasions are most susceptible
to infection reduce the likelihood of this by removing
thistle or harsh brush from pastures.
Disinfect buildings where animal husbandry is carried out
and common feed troughs.
Wash or disinfect your hands between touching infected
animals and non-infected animals.
Isolate new animals until sore mouth is ruled out.
Treatment
No specific treatment
The use of topical antibiotic paints, powders or aerosols
can help prevent the establishment of secondary
bacterial infections
Coccidosis
Coccidosis is a parasite infection caused by protozoa
infection coccidia (also known as Eimeria)
Coccidiosis affect the growth and sometimes survival of
the lambs
Goat infected
with
coccidosis.
Pathogenesis
The oocytes of coccidia passed in feces and ingested by
animals. The oocytes then reproduces and invades more
cell body.
Oocytes do not survive well at temperatures below
~30C or above 40C; within this temperature range,
oocytes may survive more than a year.
Clinical Diagnose
Diarrhea, hind limbs and tail coated with manure
Decreased appetite, listlessness, weakness, abdominal
pain
If the infection is not too severe, the animals will get
sick for a few days and recovered
In case of acute infection, the animals will quickly
dehydrate and die
Differential Diagnose
Salmonellosis
Malnutrition
Toxin in feed
Other intestinal parasites
Prevention
Reduce stress on the animals and improve sanitation and
living conditions
Dry bedding
Provide shelter if weather is cold and rainy, because as
the season progresses, numbers of coccidia are building
Clean water and feed troughs, and disinfect feed troughs
if possible, to lessen exposure to cocci
Treatment
Sericea lespedeza
Oregano oil
Sulfonamides (anti bacterial agent)
Lasalocid (anti bacterial agent)
Toltrazuril (Prevent diarrhea)
Pasteurellosis
Caused by bacteria with genus Pasteurallia dan
Manheimia
P. multocida is the most usual strain that infect animals,
causing several pathological condition
Hepar condition
in infected goat
Pathogenesis
Heat, overcrowding, exposure to inclement weather, poor
ventilation, handling, and transportation leaves sheep and
goats susceptible to respiratory viral infections.
The combination of stressors and primary infections are
thought to break down the mucosal barrier integrity of the
lower respiratory tract, allowing M haemolytica to
colonize, proliferate, and induce significant tissue damage.
Clinical Diagnose
Fever
Listlessness
Poor appetite
Septicemia
Infection in more than one tissue / organs
Dyspnea
Anorexia
Sometimes sudden death in younger sheep
Differential Diagnose
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
Prevention
Vaccination : prophylactic antibiotics (tetracycline). The
Vaccine administered in feed within the months of
highest incidents.
Avoidance or reduction of known stressors such as heat,
overcrowding, exposure to inclement weather, poor
ventilation, handling, and transportation.
Treatment
Ampicillin
Ceftiofur
Danofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Florfenicol
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Tulathromycin
Paratubercullosis
(Johnes Disease)
Caused by a certain strain of Mycobacterium
paratuberculosis.
Categorized as chronic disease
Epidemiology
M paratuberculosis is excreted in large numbers in feces
of infected animals and in lower numbers in their
colostrum and milk, causing fecal-oral route infection.
Consumption of milk, solid feed, or water contaminated
by the organism also licking and grooming behavior in a
contaminated environment.
Clinical Diagnose
Diarrhea. The diarrhea usually thick, without blood,
mucus, or epithel debris, becoming more severe as the
disease progressing.
Wasting
Temperature and appetite are normal
Dehydration
Cachexia
Wool is damaged and easily shed
Differential Diagnose
Gastrointestinal parasitism
Peritonitis
Renal amyloidosis
Lymph sarcoma
Kidney failure
Chronic salmonellosis
Copper deficiency
Starvation
Prevention
Good sanitation and management
Screening test for new animals added to the flock
Ongoing surveillance of adult animals
In herds infected with paratuberculosis, lambs must be
kept separate from adult
Reduce fecal contamination in animal housing areas by
elevating food and water sources
Vaccination
Treatment
No specific treatment
Infected animals must be culled as soon as diagnosed
Bluetongue Disease
Bluetongue is a viral disease of ruminants transmitted by
midges in the genus Culicoides.
This midges carry the Bluetongue Virus (BTV).
Sheep infected with
Bluetongue disease
Epidemiology
Transmitted through midges Cullicoides as biological
vector
Clinical Diagnose
Pyrexia up to 42 C
Excessive salivation
Depression
Dyspnoea
Panting
Crust formed arround the nares
Hyperaemia & congestion of the muzzle, lips, face,
eyelids, and ears, leading to oodema
Ulceration and necrosis of mouths mucose
Clinical Diagnose
Lameness due to coronitis
Myositis
Torticolis, in severe case
Abortion or malformed lambs
Complication of pneumonia and emacication
Differential Diagnose
Contagious ecthyma
FMD
Vesicular stomatitis
Malignant catarrhal fever
Parainfluenza-3 infection
Sheep pox
Prevention
Vaccination
Surveillance of sentinel animals, to detect the disease
early
Clean the stall and feed equipment with hot water or
dessinfectant
Treatment
No specific treatment
Antibiotic administered to prevent secondary infection
Arthritis
Arthritis means inflammation in one or more joints,
usually as the result of bacterial infection.
Young lambs are most susceptible to arthritis infection
Bacteria that cause arthritis is Erysipelothrix
rhusiopathiae
This kind of arthritis is called erysipelas arthritis
Pathogenesis
Infection through open wound
The bacteria transferred through umbilicus in newborn
lambs
Clinical Diagnose
Septicaemic or peracute symptoms
Some animals shows sign of accute meningitis and
tetanic convulsion
In cases of pneumonia, the lungs may shows area of
congestion and necrosis
Spleen and lymph nodes of mesentery sometimes
enlarged and congested
Joint infection develop as synovitis
Differential Diagnose
Interdigital dermatitis
Prevention
Not shearing lambs will reduce their risk of developing
erysipelas arthritis
Vaccination
Treatment
Benzathine procain penicilline mix (antibiotics)
Listeriosis
Result of infection by Listeria monocytogenes.
Is also known as circling disease.
Pathogenesis
Transmitted via the oral-fecal route
Inhalation
Consumption of contaminated silage or other feed
Vertical transmission, transmitted either transplacentally
or from an infected birth canal
Clinical Diagnose
Encephalitic form, characterized by encephalities and
meningoencephalities, sign: depression, decreased
appetite, fever, animals circle in one direction, seizure,
facial nerves paralysis, ear droop, escessive salivation,
impairred swelling, and death.
Septicema form, where bacteria enter the mouth and
replicated in bloodstreams, sign: diarrhea, abortion,
death.
Differential Diagnose
Pregnancy toxemia
Histophilosis
Poliencephalomalacia
Rabies
Cestode causing CNS disease
Prevention
Food safety, discard spoiled food and hay
Improving pens sanitation
Water supply, pasture, and housing must be kept clean
Bird may serve as a biological vector of this disease, so
keep wild birds away
In abortion case, isolate aborting fetus
Treatment
Penicillin
Tetracycline
Procain penicillin
Dexamethasone
Other supportive therapy
Thank You
