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Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)

Document Contains Full information about ospf routing. it can help b.tech cse student having specialization in networks... take a look...

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manvan
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122 views

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)

Document Contains Full information about ospf routing. it can help b.tech cse student having specialization in networks... take a look...

Uploaded by

manvan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OSPF Terminology

Link
RID
Neighbor
Area
Adjacency
Designated router
Backup Designated router
Hello protocol
Topological database
LSA
Neighbor and adjacency
initialization
LSA flooding
SPF tree calculation
Most people opt for OSPF, which works by using
the Dijkstra algorithm to initially construct a
shortest path tree and follows that by populating
the routing table with the resulting best paths

Heres a list that summarizes some of OSPFs best


features:
Allows for the creation of areas and autonomous
systems
Minimizes routing update traffic
Supports VLSM/CIDR
Offers an unlimited hop count
Is open standard and supports multi-vendor
deployment
OSPF design example.
Backbone Area
External
Routing
Domain ASBR
A B

C D E

F G H
Area 1 Area 2 Area 3

Autonomous System

An OSPF hierarchical design minimizes routing table entries and


keeps the impact of any topology changes contained within a
specific area.
The Hello protocol

Hello?
224.0.0.5

The Hello protocol is used to discover neighbors, establish


adjacencies, and maintain relationships with other OSPF
routers. Hello packets are periodically sent out each enabled
OSPF interface and in environments that support multicast.
update multicast addresses

Network Type Multicast Address Description

Point-to-point 224.0.0.5 AllSPFRouters

Broadcast 224.0.0.6 AllDRouters

Point-to-multipoint NA NA

The network type determines the multicast address used


for sending updates. This table contains the multicast
addresses associated with flooding. Point-to-multipoint
networks use the adjacent routers unicast IP address.
Enbling OSPF

The easiest and also least scalable way to configure


OSPF is to just use a single area. Doing this requires a
minimum of two commands.
The first command is used to activate the OSPF
routing process is as follows:
Router(config)#router ospf ?
<1-65535> Process ID

A value in the range from 1 to 65,535 identifies the OSPF


process ID.
Configuring OSPF Areas
Heres an example of basic OSPF
basic configuration for you, showing our
2nd minimum command needed, the
network command:
Router#config t
Router(config)#router ospf 1
Router(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
0.255.255.255 area ?
<0-4294967295> OSPF area ID as a decimal
value
A.B.C.D OSPF area ID in IP address
format
Router(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
0.255.255.255 area 0
The areas can be any number from 0 to 4.2 billion. Dont get these
numbers confused with the process ID, which ranges from 1 to
65,535.
Wildcard Example
In this scenario, you have a router with these four subnets
connected to four different interfaces:
192.168.10.64/28
192.168.10.80/28
192.168.10.96/28
192.168.10.8/30
All interfaces need to be in area 0, so it seems to me the
easiest configuration would look like this:
Test#config t
Test(config)#router ospf 1
Test(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

Lets create a separate network


statement for each interface using the
subnet numbers and wildcards. Test#config t
Test(config)#router ospf 1
Test(config-router)#network 192.168.10.64 0.0.0.15 area 0
Test(config-router)#network 192.168.10.80 0.0.0.15 area 0
Test(config-router)#network 192.168.10.96 0.0.0.15 area 0
Test(config-router)#network 192.168.10.8 0.0.0.3 area 0
Sample OSPF wildcard
configuration
10.255.255.81/30 10.255.255.82/30 10.255.255.9/30 10.255.255.10/30
G0/0 G0/1 G0/1 G0/0
Lab_A Lab_B Lab_C
Fa0/0 Fa0/0 Fa0/0
192.168.10.65/29 192.168.10.49/29 192.168.10.17/29

Heres the OSPF configuration using wildcards:


Lab_A#config t
Lab_A(config)#router ospf 1
Lab_A(config-router)#network 192.168.10.64 0.0.0.7 area 0
Lab_A(config-router)#network 10.255.255.80 0.0.0.3 area 0

The Lab_A router is using a /29, or 255.255.255.248, mask on the Fa0/0


interface. This is a block size of 8, which is a wildcard of 7. The G0/0
interface is a mask of 255.255.255.252block size of 4, with a wildcard
of 3. Notice that I typed in the subnet number, not the interface IP
address.
Our new network layout

10.1 20.1

Fa0/0 Fa0/0

SF LA
S0/0/0 S0/0/1

10.2 10.6

10.1 10.5

S0/0 S0/1

Corp Boulder
Fa0/0 Fa0/0
10.10.10.1 10.10.10.2
Adding a non-OSPF network
to LA router
OSPF Network

Fa0/0
Fa0/1
LA

We can use the same command that we did under that


routing process here as well! Take a look:
LA(config)#router ospf 100
LA(config-router)#passive-interface fastEthernet 0/1

I added this command as an example on interface Fa0/1,


which happens to be an interface were not using in this network
because I want OSPF to work on my other routers interfaces.
OSPF router ID (RID)
I need your RID so I can
place you properly in
my neighbor table!

The RID is not only used to advertise routes, its also used to elect the
designated router (DR) and the backup designated router (BDR). These
designated routers create adjacencies when a new router comes up and
exchanges LSAs to build topological databases.
Verifying OSPF Configuration

Show ip route
Show ip ospf
Show ip ospf database
Show ip ospf interface
Show ip ospf neighbor
Show ip protocols
OSPF and Loopback Interface
Loopback interfaces are logical
interfaces, which means theyre
virtual, software-only interfaces, not
actual, physical router interfaces.
A big reason we use loopback
interfaces with OSPF configurations is
because they ensure that an interface
is always active and available for
OSPF processes.
Configuring loopback
interface
SF#config t
SF(config)#int loopback 0
SF(config-if)#ip address 172.31.1.2
255.255.255.255

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