Digital Modulation

Sukiswo
[email protected]

Sistem Telekomunikasi, Sukiswo, ST, MT 1

Outline

ASK
FSK
PSK

Sistem Telekomunikasi, Sukiswo, ST, MT 2

Digital Modulation

Three basic forms of digital modulation

Analog Digital

AM Amplitude ASK

FM Frequency FSK

PM Phase PSK

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Amplitude Shift Key
t
1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1f 1 f t ASK t

t

ASK t Ac sin ct
t

t nT 1
f t an rect where an
n T 0
ASK t f t Ac sin ct

Ac sin ct (logic 1)
ASK t
0 (logic 0)

Sistem Telekomunikasi, Sukiswo, ST, MT 4

Amplitude Shift Keying[1]
The ASK waveform for one pulse (logic 1)

Ac sin ct 0 t T
ASK t
0 elsewhere

In order to find an Energy Spectrum of ASK t Energy Spectrum

The Autocorrelation technique is used
f t f t Rt R f

Delay
f t T
sinc2 function

Therefore Energy Spectrum of ASK

2 2

0
T T

Sistem Telekomunikasi, Sukiswo, ST, MT 5

 Power Spectral Density
Ac Ac
2 2

0 c 0 c
2 2
Ac Ac
2 2

Gb 0 c Gb 0 c
2 2

2 c 2 0 2 c 2

c c c c
T T T T

A

2

G ASK c Gb 0 c Gb 0 c 0 c 0 c
2

Detection of ASK : detect

present (logic 1) or
absent (logic 0)
of the carrier

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Frequency Shift Keying
11111010001101010010111
f t
t
FSK t
t
ASK t 1

t
ASK t 2
t

ASK t

Output for 1 1

f t Ac cos c t FSK t

Output for 0 ASK t
2

Ac cos c t
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Power Spectral Density
K c K c K c K c

G ASK1 G ASK2

c c c
c 0 c c

Frequency separation

Note: To prevent significant overlapping of the bandpass of two

filters in detection process

frequency separation Data rate

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Power Spectral Density[1]
The Actual shape of Power Spectral Density of FSK
Detection of FSK Bandpass Filter
is used to detect f1 (1) and f2 (0)

c
c c
In general for frequency separation;
2
2 DataRate
2
2
T
1 m
2f ; 2 f or where m is an integer
T T

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Phase Shift Keying
1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 f1t f t PSK t

t

PSK t Ac cos ct
t

cos 2f 0t
~
cos2f 0t
~

t nT 1
f t an rect where an
n T 0
PSK t f t Ac cos ct
Sistem Telekomunikasi, Sukiswo, ST, MT 10
Power Spectral Density

Ac Ac
2 2

Gb 0 c Gb 0 c
2 2

c
2 c c
2 0 c
2 c
2
T T c
T T

Ac

2

GPSK Gb 0 c Gb 0 c
2

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 Detection of PSK
Phase Reversal Key (PRK)
Since information is in the phase, only synchronous detection is possible

Receiver:
To data detection Matched filter detection

cos 2f t

PSK t 0

carrier

Synchronize cos2f 0t
(coherent)
carrier
Local oscillator e.g. Crystal oscillator
known as Voltage Control Oscillator VCO

Sistem Telekomunikasi, Sukiswo, ST, MT 12