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Head and Neck: Department of Anatomy

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39 views48 pages

Head and Neck: Department of Anatomy

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david
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DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY

Head and Neck

Dr. SREEKANTH THOTA


Head

Face
FACE
The face is the anterior aspect of the head
from the forehead to the chin and from one
ear to the other.
The muscles of the face develop from the second
pharyngeal arch and are innervated by branches
of the facial nerve [VII].
Expressions

Surprised Sad Worried


Examples of Facial Expressions

Neutral face

Anger

Happiness

Surprise

Fear

Disgust
Muscles of the Face
1. Orbital group :
2. Nasal group
3. Oral group
4. Muscles of the Scalp
5. Auricular muscles
Orbital group
1. Orbicularis oculi
2. Corrugator supercilii
Nasal group
1. Nasalis
2. Procerus
3. Depressor septi nasi
Oral group
1. Orbicularis oris
2. Buccinator
Lower group of oral muscles
3. depressor anguli oris
4. depressor labii inferioris
5. Mentalis
Upper group of oral muscles
1. risorius
2. zygomaticus major
3.zygomaticus minor
4. levator labii superioris
5. levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
6. levator anguli oris
Auricular muscles.
1. Anterior auricular
2. Superior auricular
3. Posterior auricular
Figure 8.66 Occipitofrontalis muscle. A. Frontal belly. B. Occipital belly.

Downloaded from: StudentConsult (on 10 December 2006 10:41 AM)


2005 Elsevier
Platysma
Platysma is a large, thin sheet of muscle
in the superficial fascia of the neck.
Muscles of facial expression in
action
Arteries
Facial artery: It branches from the anterior
surface of the external carotid artery.
Curving around the inferior border of the
mandible just anterior to the masseter,
where its pulse can be felt.
External carotid artery

Mnemonic
"sister lucy's powdered face often attracts
medical students
Superior Thyroid, Lingual, Posterior
Auricular, Facial, Occipital, Ascending
Pharyngeal, Maxillary, Superficial
Temporal.
Veins
Facial vein: Facial vein makes clinically
important connections with the cavernous
sinus.
Because of these connections, an
infection of the face may spread to the
cavernous sinus.
Danger triangle of face

Infection of the facial


veins spreading to the
dural venous sinuses
may result from
lacerations of the nose
or be initiated by
squeezing pustules
(pimples) on the side
of the nose and upper
lip.
Nerves of Face

1.Trigeminal nerve
2. Facial nerve
Trigeminal nerve
Tigeminal nerve
Testing the sensory function of CN V

The sensory
function of the
trigeminal nerve is
tested by asking
the person to close
his or her eyes and
respond when
types of touch are
felt.
Trigeminal Neuralgia
Trigeminal neuralgia: (TN tic douloureux) is
a disorder of the fifth cranial (trigeminal) nerve
that causes episodes of intense, stabbing,
electric shock-like pain in the areas of the face
where the branches of the nerve are distributed
- lips, eyes, nose, scalp, forehead, upper jaw,
and lower jaw.
Trigeminal Neuralgia
Facial Nerve
Facial nerve
Injury to Facial nerve
Bell's Palsy
Bell's palsy is the sudden onset of weakness of one
side of the face without any apparent cause. Typically,
a person notices it upon awakening in the morning. A
patient with Bell's palsy can have an "incomplete"
palsy with mild weakness or a "complete" palsy with
total paralysis of one side of the face. The entire side
of the face is usually involved, and the person is
unable to raise the eyebrow, close the eye or lift the
corner of the mouth when smiling. Spillage of food and
drink from the corner of the mouth is also common.

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