ABB Components USA
Seismic Considerations &
Power Bushings
Using IEEE Standards
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IEEE 693 - 1997
IEEE Recommended Practice for
Seismic Design of Substations
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IEEE Std 693 - 1997
Electrical Equipment for Sub Stations
Based on IEEE 693-1984
Very major revision
Basically a new standard
Three Qualification Levels
Low, Moderate & High
User determines Qualification Levels
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European Standards
IEC Technical Report 1463
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IEC Technical Report 1463
Covers seismic qualification of power
bushings
Based on static coefficient calculations
Based on cantilever withstand of bushing
Not widely accepted in North America
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IEEE 693-1997
Performance Levels
Selection of performance Level
Requirements for bushings
Test Methods
Qualification of bushings < 161 kV
Qualification of bushings 161 kV
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Performance Levels (ground acceleration)
Low = 0.1 g, horizontal acceleration peak
Moderate = 0.5 g, horizontal acceleration peak
High = 1.0 g, horizontal acceleration peak
Vertical acceleration = 0.8 x horizontal
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Selection of Performance Level
By User of equipment
Expected ground acceleration by earthquake
hazard method or …
… by seismic exposure maps and site
conditions
Select Performance Level to match the
expected ground acceleration
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General Requirements for Bushings
Bushings as components of larger equipment
Annex D of IEEE 693 - Transformers
Requirements depend on system voltage
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Testing for Seismic Performance Levels
Low: 0.1g, horizontal
Equipment testing not required
Moderate: 0.5 g, horizontal
Testing required (when practical with equipment size)
High: 1.0 g, horizontal
Testing required (when practical with equipment size)
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Qualification of Bushings
Less than 161 kV 161 kV and Higher
Static Pull Test Shake Table test
Force = 2 x weight Time history method
Applied horizontally Test by design family
at top of bushing Test most seismically
Duration = 2 seconds vulnerable family
member
Pass = no damage & no leaking
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Bushing Seismic Considerations
Bushing is not at ground level
Bushing acceleration is amplified by
transformer structure
Bushing acceleration = 2x ground acceleration
Transformer tank:
Amplification factor = 2, or
Super Elevation factor (IEC) = 1.5
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2.0 g
Transformer Tank
Amplification Factor = 2
1.0 g
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Shake Table Testing of Bushings
Method 1
Test at 1/2 level and
Calculate to demonstrate a 2x safety factor
Method 2
Test at full level
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Shake Table Testing of Bushings
1/2 Test + Calculation Method
Only practical method for some large equipment
Good when structure behaves in linear fashion and
is predictable
Not good for bushings because of the non-linearity
of the bushing’s mechanical system, ie, gasket +
porcelain + spring clamps
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Shake Table Testing of Bushings
Using 1/2 Level Test Method
For large equipment where not practical to
test at full level.
Must demonstrate by calculation that
equipment can withstand forces 2 times as
great as test values
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Example of 1/2 Test Method
(Power Transformer)
Purpose of test: demonstrate that transformer is
qualified for the High Performance Level where
ground acceleration = 1.0 g
Shake Table set-up at 1/2 value = 0.5 g
Use calculations to show that the test results at
0.5 g can be extended to 1.0 g
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Example of 1/2 Test Method
(Transformer Bushings)
Purpose of test:
demonstrate qualification at High Performance Level
ground acceleration = 1.0 g
Bushing acceleration is 2 times ground
acceleration because of tank effect
Bushing must withstand 2 x 1.0 g = 2.0 g
Shake Table set-up at 1/2 value = 1.0 g
Use calculations to show that the test results at
1.0 g can be extended to 2.0 g
ABB Components USA djr 2/00
Shake Table Testing of Bushings
Using Full Test Method (Full Performance Level Test)
Purpose of test:
demonstrate qualification at High Performance Level
ground acceleration = 1.0 g
Bushing acceleration is 2 times ground acceleration
because of tank effect
Bushing must withstand 2 x 1.0 g = 2.0 g
Shake Table set-up at full value = 2.0 g
Bushing directly qualified by Test
Calculations not required
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Shake Table Testing of Bushings
Using Full Test Method (Full Performance Level Test)
Moderate Level (0.5 g)
Bushing tested at 1.0 g
High Level (1.0 g)
Bushing tested at 2.0 g
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Bushing Qualification @
High Level by Direct Testing
2g
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Bushing Qualification @
Moderate Level by Direct Testing
1g
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Shake Table
Test Set-up
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ABB Components USA
Qualify bushings based on IEEE 693-1997
Actual shake table test used for higher
voltage bushings
ABB full line of ANSI/IEEE bushings has
been tested and qualified according to IEEE
693-1997
ABB Components USA djr 2/00
ABB Bushing Qualification Summary
Qualified @ High - Static Pull Test
Bushings 25 kV through 138 kV
Qualified @ High - Shake Table
Bushings 161 kV through 196 kV
full test of seismically worse bushing in family
Qualified @ Moderate - Shake Table
Bushings 362 kV
full test of seismically worse bushing in family
ABB Components USA djr 2/00
ABB Bushing Qualification Summary
500 kV bushing
not qualified at moderate
passed 0.45 g at flange
equivalent to 0.22 g, ground acceleration
(with tank amplification factor = 2)
failure mode (@ 0.50 g at flange)
slight leak at flange during shake test
re-sealed after test
no worse after second test
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ABB
Components USA
ABB Components USA djr 2/00
