Otot-otot

Ekstremitas Inferior
Oleh:
dr. Dya Anggraeni

Pembimbing:
dr. Pinto Desti Ramadhoni, Sp.S
 Otot ekstremitas inferior

Regio glutea Tungkai atas Tungkai bawah

Kompartemen anterior Kompartemen anterior

Kompartemen medial Kompartemen lateral

Kompartemen posterior Kompartemen posterior

Kompartemen
ANTERIOR
tungkai atas

Kompartemen
MEDIAL
tungkai atas
 Regio
GLUTEA

Kompartemen
POSTERIOR
tungkai atas
Kompartemen
ANTERIOR
tungkai bawah

Kompartemen
LATERAL
tungkai bawah
Kompartemen
POSTERIOR
tungkai atas
Regio Glutea
Gluteals
 Gluteus maximus
 Origin - Ilium, sacrum and coccyx
 Insertion - Gluteal tuberosity of femur,
iliotibial tract
 Action - Extends thigh, some lateral
rotation and abduction
 Innervation - Inferior gluteal nerve
 Gluteus medius
 Gluteus minimus
 Origin - Ilium
 Insertion - Greater trochanter of femur
 Action - Abduction, medial rotation
 Innervation - Superior gluteal nerve
 Tensor fasciae latae
 Origin – iliac crest and anterior
inferior iliac spine
 Insertion – iliotibial tract
 Action - Flex thigh, abduct thigh,
medial rotation of thigh
 Innervation – Superior gluteal
nerve
 Piriformis
 Origin – anterolateral surface of
sacrum
 Insertion – great trochanter (femur)
 Action – abduct thigh, lateral
rotation of thigh
 Innervation – Superior gluteal
nerve
 Obturator internus
 Origin – pubis/ischium
 Insertion – greater trochanter (femur)
 Action - lateral rotation of thigh
 Innervation – Inferior gluteal nerve
 Gemelli
 Origin – ischial spine (ischium)
– ischial tuberosity (ischium)
 Insertion – great trochanter (femur)
 Action –lateral rotation of thigh
 Innervation – Inferior gluteal nerve
 Quadratus Femoris
 Origin – ischial tuberosity
 Insertion – proximal end of femur
 Action – lateral rotation of thigh
 Innervation – Inferior gluteal nerve
Tungkai Atas
Muscles of the Thigh
 Anterior Compartment
 Flexes thigh at hip
 Extends leg at knee
 Innervation: Femoral nerve
 Medial/Adductor Compartment
 Adducts thigh
 Medially rotates thigh
 Innervation: Obturatorius nerve
 Posterior Compartment
 Extends thigh
 Flexes leg
 Innervation: Sciatica nerve
Anterior Compartment Thigh

 Iliopsoas
 Origin - Ilia, sacrum,
lumbar vertebrae
 Insertion – lesser
trochanter
 Action – flexor of
thigh
 Innervation – femoral
nerve
 Anterior Compartment Thigh
 Quadriceps femoris
 Rectus femoris
 Origin – anterior inferior iliac
spine, margin of acetabulum
 Insertion – patella and tibial
tuberosity via the patellar
ligament
 Action – extends knee, flexes
thigh
 Vastus lateralis
 Vastus medialis
 Vastus intermedius
 Origin - femur
 Insertion – patella and tibial
tuberosity via the patellar
ligament
 Action – extends knee
 Sartorius
 Origin - anterior superior iliac
spine
 Insertion – medial tibia
 Action - flex, abduct, lat rotate
All above innervated by the femoral nerve thigh; weak knee flexor
Medial/Adductor Compartment
 Adductor longus
 Adductor brevis
 Adductor magnus
 Origin – inferior pelvis
 Insertion - femur
 Action – adducts and medial rotates
 Innervation – Obturator nerve
 Pectineus
 Origin - pubis
 Insertion – lesser trochanter
 Action – adducts, medial rotates
 Innervation – femoral, sometimes obturator
 Gracilis
 Origin - pubis
 Insertion – medial tibia
 Action – adducts thigh, flex, medial, rotates leg
 Innervation – Obturator nerve
 Obturator Externus
 Origin - pubis
 Insertion – greater trochanter (femur)
 Action – adducts thigh, lateral rotates thigh
 Innervation – Obturator nerve
 Posterior Compartment - Hamstring
 Biceps femoris (2 heads)
 Origin – ischial tuberosity, distal
femur
 Insertion - lateral tibia, head
fibula
 Action - thigh extension, knee
flexion, lateral rotation
 Semitendinosus
 Semimembranosus
 Origin - ischial tuberosity
 Insertion - medial tibia
 Action - thigh extension, knee
flexion, medial rotation

Sciatic nerve innervates all of the above muscles

Tungkai Bawah
Muscles of the Leg
 Anterior Compartment
 Dorsiflex ankle, invert foot, extend toes
 Innervation: Deep fibular nerve
 Lateral Compartment
 Plantarflex,evert foot
 Innervation: Superficial Fibular nerve
 Posterior Compartment
 Superficial and deep layers
 Plantarflex foot, flex toes
 Innervation: Tibial nerve
 Anterior Compartment
 Tibialis anterior
 Origin - tibia
 Insertion - tarsals
 Action - dorsiflexion, foot inversion
 Extensor digitorum longus
 Origin – tibia and fibula
 Insertion - phalanges
 Action – toe extension
 Extensor hallucis longus
 Origin – fibula, interosseous
membrane
 Insertion – big toe
 Action - extend big toe, dorsiflex
foot
All innervated by deep fibular nerve
 Lateral Compartment
 Fibularis (peroneus) longus
 Origin – lateral fibula
 Insertion – 5th metatarsal,
tarsal
 Action - plantarflex, evert foot
 Fibularis (peroneus) brevis
 Origin – distal fibula
 Insertion - proximal fifth
metatarsal
 Action – plantarflex, evert foot

All innervated by the superficial fibular nerve

 Superficial Posterior Compartment
 Triceps surae
 Gastrocnemius (2 heads)
 Origin - medial and lateral condyles
of femur
 Insertion - posterior calcaneus via
Achilles tendon
 Soleus
 Origin – tibia and fibula
 Insertion – posterior calcaneus via
Achilles tendon
 Action of both – plantarflex foot
 Plantaris (variable)
 Origin – posterior femur
 Insertion – posterior calcaneus via
Achilles tendon
All innervated by the tibial nerve
 Action – plantarflex foot, week knee
flexion
Deep Posterior Compartment
 Popliteus
 Origin - lateral condyle femur
and lateral meniscus
 Insertion – proximal tibia
 Action – flex and medially rotate leg
 Flexor digitorum longus
 Origin - tibia
 Insertion - distal phalanges of toe 2-5
 Action – plantarflex and invert foot, flex toe
 Flexor hallucis longus
 Origin - fibula
 Insertion - distal phalanx of hallux
 Action - plantarflex and invert foot, flex toe
 Tibialis posterior
 Origin – tibia, fibula, and interosseous
membrane
 Insertion - tarsals and metatarsals
 Action - plantarflex and invert foot

All innervated by the tibial nerve

 Refleks pada
Ekstremitas Inferior
Refleks Patella
 Saat ligamentum patella diketuk
dengan palu  otot kuadriseps
akan meregang  serabut intrafusal
di dalam spindel otot meregang 
serabut sensorik yang
mempersarafi serabut intrafusal
distimulasi dan mengirim potensial
aksi aferen ke segmen medulla
spinalis (L2, L3 dan L4) di mana
neuron motor alfa dirangsang
secara langsung  serabut eferen
mengirimkan potensial aksi ke
serabut ekstrafusal otot kuadriseps
 menyebabkan kontraksi otot 
ekstensi tungkai.
 Refleks ini dimediasi oleh nervus
femoralis yang melibatkan segmen
L2, L3, L4 medulla spinalis.
Refleks Achilles
 Refleks Achilles didapat dengan
cara mengetuk tendo Achilles
tepat di atas insersinya pada os
calcaneus  terjadi kontraksi otot
cruris, gastrocnemius, soleus, dan
plantaris  plantar fleksi dari kaki
dan pergelangan kaki.
 Refleks ini dimediasi oleh nervus
tibialis yang melibatkan segmen
L5, S1, S2 medulla spinalis.