PRINT MEDIA JOURNALISM

• Brief history of journalism

J A Hickey- first newspaper in India.- Bengal gazette [Culcutta
General Advertiser]- weekly journal- [weekly political &
commercial paper open to all parties but influence by none]
• reproduced content from English newspapers from London,
carried major developments in Europe, scathing criticism against-
Governor General, Chief Justice, arrival and departure of ships,
auctions of foreign goods, marriage, engagements, domestic
quarrels, slavery etc. used nick names to attack officials.
• Postal facilities were withdrawn when the writing became vulgar
and scurrilous.
• Defamatory suit was filed by a Sweedish missionary against
Hickey- 4 months imprisonment, 500 rupees fine- continued to
write from jail
• Company seized his printing press and in march 1782 hickey
closed his press
• Deported to England
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• RAJA RAM MOHUN ROY
MULTI-LINGUAL JOURNALISM
• 1821-22 Sambad Kaumudi- Bengali- Campaigned against sati.
• 1821- Brahmanicle Magazine
• 1822-23 Mirat Ul Akbar- Persian- closed down to protest against ‘
Press Regulation of 1823’- filed a case against the regulation in
SC; rejected.
• Carried topics like freedom of press, inclusion of Indians into
higher ranks etc.’
• According to him freedom of press means freedom to pursue
truth; and it’s the duty of the rulers to protect it.
• His views were even carried in Culcutta Journal
 PRINT MEDIA JOURNALISM
• JAMES SILK BUCKINGHAM
• On September 22, 1818 the prospectus of a newspaper was
published.
• The ‘Calcutta Journal’ appeared as bi-weekly with eight pages on
Oct 2, 1818.
• As an editor, Buckingham considered it his Sacred right to
admonish Governors of their duties, to warn them furiously of
their faults and to tell disagreeable truths through his newspaper
• On May 1, 1819 the Calcutta Journal was converted in to the ‘First
Daily of Calcutta
• The value of the enterprise in 1822 was estimated at 40,000
pounds
• He was fearless in writing against certain Indian customs like Sati
system. Parda and child marriages
• He advocated the policy of freedom press & expression. He was of
an opinion that free press is required to keep a check on the
working of the government.
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• In 1819 he again targeted corrupt system of East
India Company by making adverse comments on the
appointment of Hugh Elliot as the Governor of
Madras
• Libel suits were filed against him. In 1823,
Buckingham’s license to stay in India was revoked
and he was deported back to England.
• In England he filed a case against East India
Company and was awarded 500 pounds as a
compensation every year in 1834.
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• MK GANDHI
• Indian opinion- 1903 (SA- unification of Indians- English Tamil
Gujrathi and Hindi- Tabloid size NP published every
Saturdays)
• Young India (English) , & Nav Jivan-1919
• Harijan-1933 (Published in English, Urdu, Tamil. Telugu, Oriya,
Marathi, Gujarathi, Kannada and Bengali)
• Laid certain journalistic standards [educate people so that
they could understand significance of Independence; his
motto as a journalist was service and to seek truth]
‘Functions of newspaper is to understand the popular feeling and
give expression to it; to arouse among people a certain desirable
sentiments; and fearlessly expose popular defects’
He published no advertisements in Young India and Harijan
 PRINT MEDIA JOURNALISM
• BG HORNIMAN
• 1984- Journalistic career begun as reporter for the Southern Daily
Mail
• 1897- Editor of Southern Daily Mail
• Worked in Daily Express, Daily Chronicle, Manchester Guardian
• 1906- News Editor and Assistant editor of Statesman
• 1913-1919- Editor of Bombay Chronicle (Perozsah Mehta)
• Adopted anti-colonial voice
• Became the mouth piece of freedom movement
• Smuggled Jallianwallbagh Massacre photographs to London and
exposed in Daily Herald
• 1919 Deported to England- Authored- British Administration &
Amritsar Massacre in 1920
• 1927- Returned to India and resumed the editorship of Bombay
Chronicle
• 1929- Indian National Herald
• 1933- Bombay Sentinal
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• S SADANAND
• Started journalistic career in 1917
• He joined civil disobedience movement
• He worked in API, ENA, INAS
• Worked for ‘ Independent’ ; Rangoon times in Burma
• 1927- Started Free Press News Service (Ist NA owned and
operated by an Indian)- with an objective to collect and
disseminate news with accuracy and impartiality from Indian
view point
• Co imposed strict censorship towards FPA
• 1930- started FPJ to support FPA
• 1932- Indian Express took over FPJ
• 1935 closed down
• He wanted to resume FPA after independence- but Sardar Patel
denied license
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UNIT 3.
History of Kannada Journalism
1843- Mangaluru Samachara[ Herman Mongling]
1849- Subudhir Prakasha- First kannada weekly
1859-1864- Mysuru Vrithantha Bodhini [patronized by Mysore King-
Bhashyam Tirumalacharya- Editor]
1865- Karnataka Prkashika-
1866- Msysore Gazette- anglo- kannada weekly (notifications and
circulars of mysore govt)
M. Vekatakrishnaiah – Pioneer of Kannda journalism (Hita Bodhini-
1883; Sadhvi-1899
He trained Gopala Iyengar & M Srinivasa Iyengar – Started Kannadia
Nadagannada- Bangalore- 1895
First Daily- Suryodaya Prakashika- 1888- B Narasinga Rao
1908- Mysore NP regulation Act – Licensing was imposed
Kanadia Nadagannadi was the victim
M Vekatakrishnaiah protested and closed his publications
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Kannada Kesari- 1888- Hubbali
Vokkaligara Patrika- 1907- Bangalore
Arthasadika Patrika- 1914
First Women Journalist- T. Sanjeevamma- Sahodaya 1914- Shimoga
Kannada Nandini- Tirumalamma- 1916
DV Gundappa- samachar Sangraha- 1907- daily & a weekly sumati-
1909
1922-Jayakarnataka- Alur Venkata Rao; Veera Kesari- Seetarama
Sastri; both influenced by Bal Gangadhar Tilak’s Keasari.
1921- Vishwa Karnataka- T Tatacharya- Played prominent role in
freedom struggle. 1929- the paper was suppressed by the Govt.
1921- Karmaveer [HR Purohit- 30 years]
1926- Tainadu- PR Ramaiah [weekly NP] 1929 converted to daily
Samyukta Karnataka [Hubbali] Supporting freedom movement in
North Karnataka 1929- Loka Sikshana Trust; Weekly- Daily 1933- K.
Madhava Rao, Rama Rao Hukkerikar, RR Diwakar; HR
Hanumanthray- Editor.
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1947- Vishwa Karnataka- Hubbali
1948- KN Guruswamy – The Printers [mysore] Pvt Ltd- Deccan
Herald June 16, 1948; Prajavani, Sudha, Mayura
1954- Prapancha- Patil Puttappa
1967- Kannada Prabha [ NIE]
1969- Janamitra- Chickmangalur
1970- Udayavani- Manipal- TMA Pai, T Upendra Pai [Tushara- 1973;
Roopathara- 1977; Tharanga-1983]
Vijayakarnatka VRL- 1999; 2010- TOI;
Vijayavani VRL- april 2011.
MAJOR NP in KARNATAKA [VK, Prajavani, Kannada Praha, Udayavani,
Samyukta Karnataka, Varthabharathi]
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STATUS OF KANNADA JOURNALISM
1. 570 crore Rs Industry- vernacular ; 4 percent CAGR; 325
publications
2. Embracing digital media
3. Multi-coloured content’
4. Newspackaging
5. Supplements
6. Editions
7. Improving circulation figures[ VK- 32.68; Prajavani 29; Kannada
Prabha-11.5; Udayavani 8.90]
8. Political ownership and favouritisim
9. Mere translation of English contents
10. TV, Online becoming more prominent