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Lecture 6

The document outlines topics related to selection and decision control structures in C programming, including if statements, if-else statements, nested if-else statements, and logical operators. Specifically, it discusses: 1) If statements and if-else statements and how they allow for conditional execution of code based on relational operators and conditions being true or false. 2) Nested if-else statements, which allow if-else blocks to be written within each other. 3) Logical operators like &&, ||, and ! that allow combining multiple conditions to further control program flow. 4) Examples of how these concepts can be applied, such as insurance eligibility checks and grade calculation programs.

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Mir Fida Nadeem
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38 views

Lecture 6

The document outlines topics related to selection and decision control structures in C programming, including if statements, if-else statements, nested if-else statements, and logical operators. Specifically, it discusses: 1) If statements and if-else statements and how they allow for conditional execution of code based on relational operators and conditions being true or false. 2) Nested if-else statements, which allow if-else blocks to be written within each other. 3) Logical operators like &&, ||, and ! that allow combining multiple conditions to further control program flow. 4) Examples of how these concepts can be applied, such as insurance eligibility checks and grade calculation programs.

Uploaded by

Mir Fida Nadeem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

Today’s Lecture outline

• Decision control structure


• Relational operator in C
• if statement
• if-else statement
• Nested if else statement
• Logical operator in C

1
Selection/Decision Control
 By default execution of a program is
sequential
 Mostly we want instructions to be executed
according to situation.
 This issue is dealt in C/C++ programs using
decision controls

2
Selection/Decision Control
 The if statement
 The if-else statement
 Decision depend upon conditions
 The conditional operators
 Equality
 Relational

3
Relational Operators
Standard algebraic C equality Example Meaning
Relational Operator
> > x>y x is greater than y
< < x<y x is less than y
 >= x >= y x is greater than or
equal to y
 <= x <= y x is less than or equal
to y
Equality operators
= == x == y x is equal to y
 != x != y x is not equal to y
4
If Statement
if (this condition is true )
execute this statement ;
 Single-entry/single-exit
 Nonzero is true, zero is false

5
If Statement Flowchart – 1

6
If Statement Flowchart – 2
• While purchasing items, a discount of 10% is
offered if the quantity is more than 1000. If
the quantity and price per item is input
through a keyboard, write a program to
calculate and display the total expense
– Input : quantity, price
– Processing: calculating discount and expense
– Out put : display expense

7
If Statement Flowchart..

8
Multiple statement within if
• More than one statement can be executed if
the condition in if statement is true
• Example program
– Current year and year of joining is input through
key board. If the no of year the employed has
served the organization is greater then 3 then a
Bonus of Rs. 2500/- is given to employ. Otherwise
the program should do nothing

9
Compound Statements..

10
The if-else Statement
• if-else
– Different actions if conditions true or false
• Example
if student’s grade is greater than or equal to 60
Display message “Passed”
else
Display message “Failed”
• C Code
if ( grade >= 60 )
printf("Passed“);
else
printf("Failed“); 11
Nested if else
• It is possible to write an entire if-else with
either the if statement block or else statement
block

12
Nested if else Start

flowchart Enter either


1 or 2
Read x

x == 1

x == 2 Display you
entered 1
Display you
entered other Display you
than 1 or 2 entered 2

End
13
Forms of if statement

14
Cont.

15
Logical Operators
• && (logical AND)
– true if both conditions are true
if ( gender == 1 && age >= 65 )
senior++;
• || (logical OR)
– true if either of condition is true
if (semesterAvg >= 90 || finalExam >=90 )
printf("Student grade is A“);

16
Cont.
• ! (logical NOT, logical negation)
– Returns true when its condition is false, &
vice versa
if ( !( grade == 20 ) )
printf(“hello world“);
Alternative:
if ( grade != 20 )
printf(“hello world“);

17
Logical Operators..

18
Example of Using Logical Operators
• A company insures its drivers in the following
cases:
– If the driver is married
– If the driver is unmarried, male & above 30
years of age
– If the driver is unmarried, female & above
25 years of age

19
Using Logical Operators..
if ( ms == 'M' ) if ( ( ms == 'M') || ( ms == 'U' && sex == 'M' && age >
printf ( "Driver is insured" ) ; 30 ) ||
Else if (ms==‘U’) ( ms == 'U' && sex == 'F' && age > 25 ) )
{ printf ( "Driver is insured" ) ;
if ( sex == 'M' ) else
{ printf ( "Driver is not insured" ) ;
if ( age > 30 )
printf ( "Driver is insured" ) ;
else
printf ( "Driver is not insured" ) ;
}
else if (sex==‘F’)
{
if ( age > 25 )
printf ( "Driver is insured" ) ;
else
printf ( "Driver is not insured" ) ;
}
}

20
Example Program
• To calculate the division
• Input: marks of 5 different subjects
• Rules
– Average above or equal to 60 - First division
– Average between 50 and 59 - Second division
– Average between 40 and 49 - Third division
– Average less than 40 – Fail
• Solution
– Nested if-else
– Logical operators

21
Revised Hierarchy

22

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