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S-sounds
The pronunciation of the final S in plural words and verbs in
the third person depend on the final consonant sound before
that S.
The ending is pronounced /s/ after a voiceless sound, it is
pronounced /z/ after a voiced sound and is pronounced
/ɪz / or /əz/ after a sibilant sound:
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The /ɪz/ sound (or /əz/ sound)
If the last consonant sound of the word is a sibilant sound (a
hissing or buzzing sound), the final S is pronounced as
/ɪz/. This /ɪz/ sound is pronounced like an extra syllable.
(e.g. the word buses has two syllables)
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Examples of words ending in the /ɪz/ sound:C:
races (sounds like "race-iz")
S: pauses, nurses, buses, rises
X: fixes, boxes, hoaxes
Z: amazes, freezes, prizes, quizzes
SS: kisses, misses, passes, bosses
CH: churches, sandwiches, witches, teaches
SH: dishes, wishes, pushes, crashes
GE: garages, changes, ages, judges
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The /s/ sound
If the last consonant of the word is voiceless, then the S is
pronounced as /s/.
P: cups stops, sleeps
T: hats, students, hits, writes
K: cooks, books, drinks, walks
F: cliffs, sniffs, beliefs, laughs, graphs, apostrophes (the -gh
and -ph here are pronounced like a F)
TH: myths, tablecloths, months (voiceless th)
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The /z/ sound
If the last letter of the words ends in a voiced consonant
(or sound), then the S is pronounced like a Z /z/(without
creating another syllable). This Z sound is similar to the
sound a bee makes zzzz.
Examples of words ending in the /z/ sound:
+ B: crabs, rubs
D: cards, words, rides, ends
G: rugs, bags, begs
L: deals calls, falls, hills
M: plums, dreams
N: fans, drains, runs, pens
NG: kings, belongs, sings
R: wears, cures
V: gloves, wives, shelves, drives
Y: plays, boys, says,
THE: clothes, bathes, breathes
VOWEL SOUNDS: sees, fleas
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cWNW3-4Wpao
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Ed- Pronunciation
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The /id/ sound
If the last letter of the word is spelled with D or T, the ED is
pronounced as a separate syllable with an /id/ sound (it
rhymes with kid and lid).
wanted (sounds like "want-id")waitedneededfold
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The /t/ sound
If the last consonant of the word is voiceless, then the ED is
pronounced as a T. Be careful not to create an extra
syllable or "id" sound.
talked (sounds like "talkt")kissed (the S sound comes from
the front of mouth so it would sound like
"kisst")parkedhelped
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The /d/ sound
If the last letter of the words ends in a voiced consonant (or
sound), then the ED is pronounced like a D (without
creating another syllable)
played (sounds like "playd")closed (the S sounds like a
vibrating Z so the word would sound like
"clozd")openedlived
+ Did you know. . . ?
There are three different ways to say the “ed” ending.
Sometimes you add an extra syllable, and sometimes you
don’t.
Ifyou have trouble saying the past tense ending, it may be
because no one showed you the logic behind the different
pronunciations.
Sometimes, you say the “ed”:
as /t/ as /d/ as /Id/
fixed borrowed wanted
Good news! There’s a system—a rule—for how to pronounce
“ed.”
Taken from samplessontsleconvention
+ Three Pronunciations of “-ed”
Some regular present tense verbs, such as want or need,
already end in the sounds /t/ or /d/. For these verbs, say the
“ed” ending as /Id/, with an extra syllable.
Some verbs, such as fix, end in an unvoiced sound—your
throat doesn’t vibrate at the end of the word. For these verbs,
say the “ed” ending as /t/: no extra syllable.
Some verbs, such as borrow, end in a voiced sound—your
throat vibrates at the very end of the word. For these verbs,
say the “ed” ending as /d/: no extra syllable.
Taken from samplessontsleconvention
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Taken from samplessontsleconvention
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6j4pLoZlI2s
Practice with Final Sounds Taken from samplessontsleconvention
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+ Directions: Pronounce the following “ed” endings. Write (T) for a “t”
sound, (ID) for an “id” sound, and (D) for a “d” sound. Example: We
wrapped the Christmas presents last night. ____T____
1) I laughed at the joke. __________
2) Our work is finished. __________
3) The snake killed the mouse. __________
4) The teacher helped the student. __________
5) When I was younger, I wanted to walk on the moon. __________
6) We hiked to the top of the mountain. __________
7) James rented his apartment. __________
8) We can’t go swimming because the pool is covered. __________
9) That old house is haunted. __________
10) We looked for her keys, but could not find them.
+ HOMEWORK: Directions: Read the following passage using the
correct pronunciation for “ed” endings. Write (T) for a “t”
sound, (ID) for an “id” sound, and (D) for a “d” sound in the
space provided.
The bear jumped ( ) out of its cage and into the crowd. She must
have realized ( ) that this was her best chance to escape. The
bear’s trainer looked ( ) as though he were about to faint from
the terror of it all; it seemed ( ) like his worst nightmare come
true. He scrambled ( ) to his feet and started ( ) waving his hands
and shouting to get the bear’s attention. She stopped ( ) her wild
rampage only for a moment at the sound of her trainer’s pleas.
She quickly turned ( ) back to the crowd and resumed ( )
knocking people to the floor. The trainer suddenly had an idea.
He reached ( ) into his pocket and pulled ( ) from it a large
chocolate covered ( ) treat – a known favorite of the bear. He
shouted ( ) the bear's name once more and she turned ( ) to face
him. She saw the treat and ran in full gallop towards him. He
threw the treat into the cage and the bear followed ( ). He locked
( ) the door behind her and fell to the floor in relief. Apparently,
the bear valued ( ) food more than freedom.
