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hydrodynamic Interactions
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
122 views14 pagesLift Force in Poiseuille Flow
hydrodynamic Interactions
Uploaded by
Imran SaeedCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 14
RADIAL PARTICLE DISPLACEMENTS IN POISEUILLE FLOW
OF SUSPENSIONS
By Dr. G. SEGRE”
Cartiera Vita Mayer and Co., Milan
‘AND
Dr. A. SILBERBERG
Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
have observed that macroscopic spherical
particles collect into a thin, annular region
when an initially uniform dilute suspension is passed
in laminar flow through a straight tube. ‘The develop-
ment of the effect is proportional to tho length L of the
tube, to the mean velocity V of flow and to the fourth
power of the ratio of particle radius a to tubo radius R. Our equipment consisted of the flow apparatus, an
optical scanning device and an electronic counting
circuit, Spheres of polymethyl methacrylate, in
various uniform fractions of diameters between
08 and 1-6 mm., wore susponded in a liquid of the
samo density p = 1-18 gm.je.c, and of high viscosity
1 = 400 op.). ‘Tho flow apparatus consisted of a
vertical tubo of variable length, diameter 11-6 mm.,
terminating in two containers with the necessary
stimors and pressure-head regulators. At a solootod
‘Tho results are symmetrical about the axis, and
‘are independent of the shape of the mouth of the
tube. At very low velocities of flow, or at small
distanoes from the input end, the particle count
_ At cross-sections farther down the tube, distribu-
tions of the type shown in curves 2 and 8, Fig. 1, are
observed. In terms of particle concentrations Fig, 1. Number of particle
otic in ie for # given Cot to
nite scanning erou-section). Particle rediun 0° mm. initia)
‘Concentration 1 part Jon
‘Tho rooults in Vig. 2 are plotted in torms of a
redued tubs radian (2) and tube long
L = (atRyavelnytre)
Het, Desians
en Cire
tena pe
tm
nc efoct pute encataion a4 sion by postulation of a transverse foree which, as in
the ‘Magnus effect’, arises from the combination of
‘ rotatory and a translatory motion relative to the
undisturbed flow of the fluid, It ean be shown" by
solving the linearized equations of motion that a
spherical particle carried along by an unbounded
parabolic field of flow is subjected to a couple and to
fa longitudinal forco which give rise to a rotation and
fa translation, each proportional to the mean velocity’
of flow. Adopting the formalism of the Magnus
effect, one can substitute these velocities in the
Kutta-Jukowsky formula and obtain a foreo :
f= — Har VergiRY)
and a radial velocity > corresponding to this force:
r= —(k/6)(a/R)(V*pr/n)
proportional to 7%, as observed, but directed inwards
only. In our caso tho radial’ foree acting on the
spheres is contripotal at the wall but centrifugal at
the centre. A stationary distribution is thus reached,
and tho value of (r/i) whore the particles concentrate
seems to be independent of all other variables.
K = 21wa’ :
F, = pUK = 2xpUwd Article
Analysis of Hydrodynamic Mechanism on Particles
Focusing in Micro-Channel Flows
‘Qikun Wang "*, Dan Yuan? and Weitwa Li?”
‘School of Energy and Power Engincering, Universit of Sangha for Science and Technology,
Shanghai 200093, China
2 School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Wollongong,
Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia; dy983uowmaileduau
+ Correspondences: wanggkt@usst eu.cn (QW); weihuali@uow eduau (WL):
Tel: 486-21-55272300 (QW); 461-242214577 (WL)
Received: 5 May 2017; Aecepec 19 June 2017; Published: 22 June 2017,
Abstract: In this paper, the hydrodynamic mechanism of moving pacticles in laminar miero-channel
flows was numerically investigated. A hydrodynamic criterion was proposed to determine whether
particles in channel flows can form a focusing pattern of not. A simple formula was derived to
‘demonstrate how the focusing positon varies with Reynolds number and particle size Based on this
[proposed criterion, a possible hydrodynamic mechanism was discussed as to why the particles would
not be focused if thet sizes were too small or the channel Reynolds number was too low, The Re-A
‘curve (Re, A respectively represents the channel-based Reynolds number and the particle's diameter
scaled by the channel) was obtained using the data fiting with a least square method s0 as to obtain
4 parameter range of the focusing pattern. In addition, the importance of the particle rotation to the
‘numerical modeling forthe focusing of particles was discussed in view ofthe hydrodynamics. This
research is expected to deepen the understanding of the particle transport phenomena in bounded.
flow, either in micro or macro fluidic scope. The classical theoretic solutions to the inertial lift force were obtained using the approach of
‘matched asymptotic expansions’ to deal with Navier-Stokes equations. It was summarized that the
inertial lift force F, on a spherical particle of diameter a in a channel of dimension H could be scaled
as FL « pV? a*/H?, where p denotes the density of fluid and V is the average velocity of the channel
flow [2-1]. However, this expression for the inertial lift force was derived on the basis of such an
assumption that the size of every particle should be far smaller than that of the channel (a << H) so
that the influence of particles on the flow field could be completely ignored. Therefore, this expression
cannot be adopted to describe hydrodynamic behaviors of particles with finite size.
In contrast, the numerical method by CFD technique can easily break through the inherent
limitation of the approximate theoretic method and has been proven to be an effective way to
investigate the inertial lift force on the particles with finite size [7-13]. With respect to the inertial lift
force, it was summarized [24,11] that the inertial lift force on a particle of finite size has two kinds of
expressions, F, « pV? a3/H near the centerline of the channel and F, « pV? a°/ H? near its sidewall.
‘These expressions reveal the importance of the particle size to the inertial lift force, though they are
only suitable for a certain size range of particles (A = 0.22 — 0.38). ‘After the flow field was numerically simulated according to the above procedure, the stress tensor
Of the fluid on the particle surface could be also obtained and thus the hydrodynamic force on the
patticle could be obtained by Equation (1). Its component in the y direction could be easily calculated
by Equation (2), which was just the inertial lift force to be further studied in this paper. In this way, the
inertial lift forces on the particle at various transverse positions were numerically obtained.
Fyn: Pas a
FL=Fj @
‘where in Equations (1) and (2),
F indicates the hydrodynamic force;
F; indicates the inertial lift force on the particle.
indicates the fluid’s stress tensor;
indicates the surface of the particle;
lcates the unit vector of dS;
j indicates the unit vector of y axis.
‘To simplify the following discussions, some important coefficients were defined below.
Lift force coefficient, Crt,
8) Dimensionless diameter of the particle, A,
®
Dimensionless transverse coordinate, y°,
_Y
vap 6
where = H/2.
‘Channel-based Reynolds number, Re,
Re= ©
where v is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid. 3.1. Effects of Re ana A on the Particle Focusing
‘The transverse migration of a particle and its final dynamic equilibrium pesitions are determined
by the inertial lift force on it Figure 2 shows curves of inertial lift force coeficents of particles with
