Memory and I/O Interfacing
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Example Block Diagram
Address Lines
Data Lines
8085 Memory
Control Lines
Interface
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8085 Interfacing Pins
Higher Address Bus A15 – A8
Lower Address/Data Bus AD7 – AD0
8085 ALE
IO/M
RD
WR
READY
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Address Bus of 8085
• Address Bus
– Used to address memory & I/O devices
– 8085 has a 16-bit address bus
Higher-order Address Lower-order Address
A15 A14 A13 A12 A11 A10 A9 A8 AD7 AD6 AD5 AD4 AD3 AD2 AD1 AD0
Data Bus Data Bus
Used to transfer instructions and data
8085 has a 8-bit data bus
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Higher Order Address Bus
• The higher order address bus is a unidirectinal
bus.
• It carries most significant 8-bits of a 16-bit
address of memory or I/O device.
• Address remains on lines as long operation is
not completed.
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Lower Order Address/Data Bus
• This bus is bidirectional and works on time
division multiplexing between address and
data.
• During first clock cycle, it serves as a least
significant 8-bits of memory/ IO address.
• For second and third clock cycles it acts as
data bus and carries data.
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Demultiplexing Address/Data Lines
• 8085 identifies a memory location with its 16
address lines, (AD0 to AD7) & (A8 to A15)
• 8085 performs data transfer using its data
lines, AD0 to AD7
• Lower order address bus & Data bus are
multiplexed on same lines i.e. AD0 to AD7.
• Demultiplexing refers to separating Address &
Data signals for read/write operations.
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Need for Demultiplexing…
RD
A15 – A8
20H
AD7 – AD0
05H Memory
4FH 2005H
8085
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Demultiplexing Address/Data Lines
Data
74LS373 Memory
8085 AD0-AD7 A0 – A7
ALE
Chip
Control
A8-A15 A8-A15
Memory Interface
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Generating Control Signals
IO/M =0
1 Memory Read
RD=0 1
1 Memory Write
WR=1
0
0 IO Read
1
0 IO Write
0
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Generating Control Signals
IO/M =0
1 Memory Read
RD=1 0
1 Memory Write
WR=0
1
0 IO Read
0
0 IO Write
1
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Generating Control Signals
IO/M =1
0 Memory Read
RD=0 1
0 Memory Write
WR=1
0
1 IO Read
1
1 IO Write
0
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Generating Control Signals
IO/M =1
0 Memory Read
RD=1 0
0 Memory Write
WR=0
1
1 IO Read
0
1 IO Write
1
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Memory Interface
• The memory is made up of semiconductor
material used to store the programs and
data. The types of memory is,
– Primary or main memory
– Secondary memory
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Primary Memory
• RAM and ROM are examples of this type of
memory.
• Microprocessor uses it in storing a program
temporarily (commonly called loading) and
executing a program.
• Hence the speed of this type of memory
should be fast.
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Secondary Memory
• These are used for bulk storage of data
and information.
• The main examples include Floppy, Hard
Disk, CD-ROM, Magnetic Tape etc.
• Slower and Sequential Access Nature.
• non-volatile nature.
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Memory Chip
‘k’ data input lines
‘n’ address lines
Chip select
read Memory
write
‘k’ data output lines
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Interface with two memory chips
A1
A0
11 11
10 10
01 01
00 00
Memory 1 Memory 2
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Interface with two memory chips
A1
A0
11 011 11 111
10 010 10 110
01 001 01 101
00 000 00 100
A3 CS CS
Memory 1 Memory 2
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Interface with Multiple Chips
• In case of multiple chips simple circuit
like NOT gate will not work.
• In this case normally decoder circuits like
3-to-8 decoder circuit 74LS138 are used.
• These circuit are called address decoders.
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Address decoders
2 to 4 decoder
O0 CS Memory 1
A12 S1 O1 CS Memory 2
A11 S0 O2 CS Memory 3
O3 CS Memory 4
E
A13
A10 - A0
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Interfacing I/O Devices
• Using I/O devices data can be transferred
between the microprocessor and the outside
world.
• This can be done in groups of 8 bits using the
entire data bus. This is called parallel I/O.
• The other method is serial I/O where one bit is
transferred at a time using the SID and SOD
pins on the Microprocessor.
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Types of Parallel Interface
• There are two ways to interface 8085 with I/O
devices in parallel data transfer mode:
– Memory Mapped IO
– IO Mapped IO
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Memory Mapped IO
• It considers them like any other
memory location.
– They are assigned a 16-bit address within
the address range of the 8085.
– The exchange of data with these devices
follows the transfer of data with memory.
The user uses the same instructions used
for memory.
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IO Mapped IO
• It treats them separately from memory.
– I/O devices are assigned a “port number”
within the 8-bit address range of 00H to
FFH.
– The user in this case would access these
devices using the IN and OUT instructions
only.
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IO mapped IO V/s Memory Mapped IO
Memory Mapped IO IO Mapped IO
• IO is treated as memory. • IO is treated IO.
• 16-bit addressing. • 8- bit addressing.
• More Decoder Hardware. • Less Decoder Hardware.
• Can address 216=64k • Can address 28=256
locations. locations.
• Less memory is available. • Whole memory address
space is available.
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IO mapped IO V/s Memory Mapped IO
Memory Mapped IO IO Mapped IO
• Memory Instructions are • Special Instructions are
used. used like IN, OUT.
• Memory control signals • Special control signals
are used. are used.
• Arithmetic and logic • Arithmetic and logic
operations can be operations can not be
performed on data. performed on data.
• Data transfer b/w register • Data transfer b/w
and IO. accumulator and IO.
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