BIO MEDICAL WASTE
MANAGEMENT
PRESENTED BY:
Deepika Tiwari-15
Ishani Bhattacharya-20
Neha Gupta-31
Pritee Agarwal-42
Shashank Pandey-54
LET THE WASTE OF THE “SICK” NOT CONTAMINATE THE
LIVES OF “THE HEALTHY”
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BIO-MEDICAL WASTE
Definition :
Acc to bio medical waste rules ,1998 of India“ bio-medical waste”
means any waste which is generated during the diagnosis,
treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or in
research activities pertaining there to or in the production or
testing of bio medicals.
Any unwanted residual material which cannot be discharged
directly, or after suitable treatment can be discharged in the
atmosphere or to a receiving water source, or used for landfill is
waste. (Wilson, 1981)
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SOURCES OF HEALTH CARE WASTE
Government/private hospitals
Nursing homes
Physician/dentist office or clinic
Dispensaries
Primary health care centers
Medical research and training centers
animal./slaughter houses
labs/research organizations
Vaccinating centers
Bio tech institutions/production units
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DEFINITION
Hospital waste: refers to all waste, biological or non biological,
that is discarded and is not intended for further use .
Medical waste: refers to materials generated as a result of
patient diagnoses, treatment, immunization of human beings or
animals .
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DEFINITION
Infectious waste: are the portion of medical waste that
could transmit an ‘infectious disease’.
Pathological waste : waste removed during surgery/
autopsy or other medical procedures including human tissues,
organs, body parts, body fluids and specimens along their
containers.
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MAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEM
GLOBALLY- Developed countries generate 1 to 5 kg/bed/day
Developing countries: meager data, but figures are lower.
1-2kg/pt./day
WHO Report: 85% non hazardous waste
: 10% infective waste
: 5% non-infectious but hazardous.
(Chemical, pharmaceutical and radioactive)
INDIA:-No national level study
- local or regional level study shows hospitals
generate roughly 1-2 kg/bed/day
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CLASSIFICATION AND CATEGORIZATION OF
BIOMEDICAL WASTES (MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT
AND FOREST)
The Ministry of Environment and Forest has drafted certain
rules in exercise of powers conferred by sections 6,8 and 25 of the
environment (protection) act, 1986
The Gazette of India extraordinary , part II –section 3-
subsection (ii)
On 20th July 1998
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CATEGORIES OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE SCHEDULE – I
WASTE TREATMENT AND
TYPE OF WASTE
CATEGORY DISPOSAL OPTION
Human Anatomical Waste (Human Incineration@ / deep
Category No. 1
tissues, organs, body parts) burial*
Animal Waste
(Animal tissues, organs, body parts,
carcasses, bleeding parts, fluid, blood
Incineration@ / deep
Category No. 2 and experimental animals used in
burial*
research, waste generated by veterinary
hospitals and colleges, discharge from
hospitals, animal houses)
Microbiology & Biotechnology Waste
(Wastes from laboratory cultures, stocks
or specimen of live micro organisms or
attenuated vaccines, human and animal Local autoclaving/
Category No. 3 cell cultures used in research and microwaving /
infectious agents from research and incineration@
industrial laboratories, wastes from
production of biologicals, toxins and 11
devices used for transfer of cultures)
Disinfecting (chemical
Waste Sharps (Needles, syringes,
treatment@@ /
scalpels, blades, glass, etc. that may
Category No. 4 autoclaving /
cause puncture and cuts. This includes
microwaving and
both used and unused sharps)
mutilation / shredding
Incineration@ /
Discarded Medicine and Cytotoxic
destruction and drugs
Category No. 5 drugs (Wastes comprising of outdated,
disposal in secured
contaminated and discarded medicines)
landfills
Soiled Waste (Items contaminated with
body fluids including cotton, dressings, Incineration@ /
Category No. 6 soiled plaster casts, lines, bedding and autoclaving /
other materials contaminated with microwaving
blood.)
Disinfecting by chemical
Solid Waste (Waste generated from
treatment@@ /
disposable items other than the waste
Category No. 7 autoclaving /
sharps such as tubing, catheters, 12
microwaving and
intravenous sets, etc.)
mutilation / shredding
Liquid Waste (Waste generated from Disinfecting by
the laboratory and washing, cleaning, chemical treatment@@
Category No. 8
house keeping and disinfecting and discharge into
activities) drains
Incineration Ash (Ash from Disposal in municipal
Category No. 9
incineration of any biomedical waste) landfill
Chemical treatment @@
Chemical Waste (Chemicals used in
and discharge into
production of biologicals, chemicals
Category No.10 drains for liquids and
used in disinfecting, as insecticides,
secured landfill for
etc.)
solids.
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PROBLEMS RELATED TO BIO MEDICAL WASTE IN
INDIA
CLASSIFICATION OF HEALTH CARE
WASTE
INFECTIOUS WASTE
Lab cultures
Waste from isolation wards
Tissues(swabs)
Materials/equipments of infected patients
PATHOLOGICAL WASTE
• Excreta
• Human tissues/fluids
• Body parts
• Blood or body fluids
SHARP WASTE
Needles
Infusion Sets
Scalpels
Knives Blades
Broken Glass
PHARMACEUTICAL WASTE
• Expired Pharmaceuticals
• Contaminated Pharmaceuticals
• Banned Pharmaceuticals
GENOTOXIC WASTE
Waste Containing Cytotoxic Drugs(often
Used In Cancer Theraphy)
Genotoxic Chemicals
CHEMICAL WASTE
Lab reagents
Film developer
Expired disinfectants
Expired solvents
WASTE WITH HIGH CONTENT OF
HEAVY METALS
Waste with high content of heavy metals
Batteries
Broken thermometers
Blood pressure guages etc
PRESSURIZED CONTAINERS
Gas cylinders
Gas catridges
Aerosol cans
RADIOACTIVE WASTE
Radiotherapy/lab research liquids
Contaminated glass wares, packages,
absorbent papers
HOSPITAL WASTE DISPOSAL
Hospital waste
management is a part of
hospital hygiene and
maintenance activities. In
fact only 15% of hospital
waste i.e. "Biomedical
waste" is hazardous, not the
complete.
But when hazardous waste
is not segregated at the
source of generation and
mixed with nonhazardous
waste, then 100% waste 21
becomes hazardous
Treatment and Disposal Methods of
Hospital Waste
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THANK YOU
