Module: 2
Hazards in Crane Operating Area
Objectives:
1. Identify crane types and
configurations
2. Identify Hazards in Crane Operating
Areas
3. Working Safely Near Powerlines
4. Factors Affecting Crane Capacity
5. Demonstrate knowledge of
international
crane hand signals
Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2
Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 1
Types of Cranes …how many can you identify?
Knuckle Boom
Truck
Telescoping Boom
Trucks
Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2
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(c) 2006 CSAO 2
Types of Cranes
All Terrain
(Rough Terrain - RT)
Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2
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(c) 2006 CSAO 3
Types of Cranes Crawler Mounted
Lattice Boom
Carrier Mounted
Lattice Boom
Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2
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(c) 2006 CSAO 4
Types of Cranes
Crawler-Mounted
Telescoping Boom
Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2
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(c) 2006 CSAO 5
Types of Cranes Tower Crane:
Hammerhead
Tower Crane:
Luffing Boom
Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2
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(c) 2006 CSAO 6
How many crane Whip
1 Line
2
Jib
components can you
name?
Jib hook
3
Main
44
Hoist(Load)
Line
5
Main Hook/Block
Boom
6
8
Counterweight
7 9
Carrier
Outrigger Pad
Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2
Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 7
Danger Areas
Keep public away from Between counterweight and structure
hazardous areas.
Machinery Deck
Only authorized
personnel in
swing area
during operation
Deployment/Retracting Outriggers
Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2
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(c) 2006 CSAO 8
The largest single cause of fatalities associated with cranes is high-voltage contact.
Working Near Powerlines
O. Reg 213/91: Constructor – must
provide written measures and
Signaller
Signaller not Required
required & procedures to ensure minimum
distance is not encroached. Copy of
Limit of Approach written procedures made available
to all employers on project.
Written procedures shall include:
• Adequate warning devices visible
to operator & positioned in vicinity
of hazard.
• Operator notified in writing of
electrical hazard before starting
work Warning
sign in cab
• Legible sign visible to operator
posted at the operator’s station.
Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2
Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 9
The largest single cause of fatalities associated with cranes is high-voltage contact.
Working Near Powerlines
Absolute Limit of Approach
Voltage Minimum Distance
750 to 150,000 3 metres (10’)
150,001 to 250,000 4.5 metres (15’)
3m Over 250,000 6 metres (20’)
4.5m
6m
Warning
sign in cab
Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2
Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 10
The largest single cause of fatalities associated with cranes is high-voltage contact.
Working Near devices
STOP! Protective Powerlines
must be installed under authority of owner of
‘utility’ AND written measures & procedures to protect workers from
shock and burn must be in place and followed by workers.
3 m.
4.5 m.
6 m.
Warning
sign in cab
Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2
Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 11
The largest single cause of fatalities associated with cranes is high-voltage contact.
High Voltage Contact
1. High voltage contact makes current flow
down boom and through machine to
ground following path of least resistance.
Ground will be charged with high voltage
near equipment and lower voltage further
away.
2. Operator should stay on the equipment
unless an emergency forces getting off.
Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2
Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 12
The largest single cause of fatalities associated with cranes is high-voltage contact.
High Voltage Contact
1. High voltage contact makes current flow
down boom and through machine to
ground following path of least resistance.
Ground will be charged with high voltage
near equipment and lower voltage further
away.
2. Operator should stay on the equipment
unless an emergency forces getting off.
Video: Boom Truck Powerline Contact
Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2
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(c) 2006 CSAO 13
The largest single cause of fatalities associated with cranes is high-voltage contact.
High Voltage Contact
3. If emergency forces operator off machine,
JUMP CLEAR with feet together. DO NOT
TOUCH ANY PART OF MACHINE
If any part of body touches machine,
current will travel through you to ground.
4. MOVE OUT OF AREA. Shuffle away. Don’t
take big steps. With voltage differential
across the ground, one foot may be in a
higher differential than the other. THE
DIFFERENCE COULD KILL YOU!
Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2
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(c) 2006 CSAO 14
Factors Affecting Crane Capacity
“Capacities included
in load charts for
cranes are based
on almost perfect
conditions seldom
achieved under
actual operation.”
Don Dickie, P. Eng.
Video: Mobile Crane Topples
Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2
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(c) 2006 CSAO 15
Factors Affecting Crane Capacity How many factors can you list?
Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2
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Factors Affecting Crane Capacity How many factors can you list?
• Machine Condition • Crane setup – Level
• Boom Angle • Side-loading
• Load Radius • Rapid Swing Rate
• Quadrant of Operation • Impact Loading
• Use of Outriggers • Rapid Acceleration/Deceleration
• Ground Conditions • High Winds
Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2
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(c) 2006 CSAO 17
Factors Affecting Crane Capacity
Boom Angle
As boom lowers,
Capacity Decreases
Boom Angle
Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2
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(c) 2006 CSAO 18
Factors Affecting Crane Capacity
As radius increases,
Load Radius
capacity decreases.
The horizontal distance from the centre of the
rotation of the crane, to the centre of gravity
of the load, with the load suspended.
Load Radius
Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2
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(c) 2006 CSAO 19
Factors Affecting Crane Capacity
Quadrant of Operation
In some cases, capacity decreases from rear
to side to front because of decrease in
leverage. Operator MUST consult load chart
for capacity in operating quadrant.
Over
Over
Side
Rear
Over Over
Front Side
Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2
Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 20
Set-up Summary on Outriggers
Hook is directly
above the center Boom angle, boom length, and
of gravity load radius are known. Crane’s
rated capacity is known.
Rigging
is Correct Wheels
are clear
Load of ground
Weight
is known
Outrigger Pads are on Outriggers
solid footing or blocking extended to
manufacturer’s
…and crane is LEVEL
specifications
Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2
Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 21
Machine Selection Criteria
1. Lift Height
2. Lift Radius
3. Weight & Dimensions of Load
4. Type of Lifting ( precision
placement?)
5. Type of Carrier (lift quadrants)
6. Site Conditions (accessibility,
ground conditions, utility
locations)
Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2
Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 22
Conditions Requiring a Signaller Can you list 6?
1. Within boom’s length of approach * Loads picked at one point,
limits to powerlines lowered at another – two
signallers may be required.
2. Operator cannot see load
3. Path of travel not visible
* Hand signals should be used only
4. Landing area not visible when distance between operator and
signaller is not great and visibility is
5. Judgment of distance is difficult clear. Telephone or radio
communications between operator
6. Persons may be endangered by and signaller can be extremely
equipment, machine or load effective
Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2
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(c) 2006 CSAO 23
1 2
Hand Signals 3 4
5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12
Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2
Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 24
13 14
Hand Signals 15 16
…Continued
17 18 19
21 22 23
20
Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2
Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 25
Helicopter Lifting Operations
O.Reg. 213 sec.167
(1) Pilot competent to fly externally
loaded helicopter
(2) Pilot shall be in charge of hoisting
operation
(3) Ground personnel shall be
competent workers
(4) Constructor to take precautions re
rotor downwash.
Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2
Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 26
Helicopter Lifting Operations
Helicopter lifting procedures
are beyond the scope of this
Basic Hoisting and Rigging
Program.
Need More Information?
• CSAO booklet, “Helicopter
Lifting”, provides basic
information on hazard
awareness, procedures and
planning.
Note: To work safely on a
particular lift, additional job-
specific planning and training
would be required.
Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2
Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 27
Hoisting and Rigging – Basic Safety
Hoisting & Rigging - Basic Safety Mod. 2
Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 28
