BBP 10102:
TEKNOLOGI MAKLUMAT
DALAM PENDIDIKAN
DR AZITA BINTI ALI
FACULTY OF TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
UTHM
What is technology?
• Technology involves the design and
production of innovative and creative
products to meet the needs and wants of
others.
What is information technology?
• is all about using information as a
commodity or resource, just like any
other job.
• The information that is being translated,
disseminated, stored, transmitted, etc. is
usually in the forms of audio, video,
textual and numerical information and is
processed through the use of
microelectronics and computers.
Takrifan Teknologi Maklumat
Behan & Holmes Teknologi Maklumat adalah suatu istilah untuk
memperihalkan teknologi yang membolehkan kita untuk
merekod, menyimpan, memproses, mendapat semula,
menghantar dan menerima maklumat
E.W. Martin et al., Teknologi maklumat terdiri dari semua bentuk teknologi yang
terlibat dalam pengumpulan , manipulasi, komunikasi,
persembahan dan menggunakan data (data yang
ditransformasikan kepada maklumat)
Senn Teknologi maklumat mengandungi tiga komponen iaitu
komputer, komunikasi dan tahu-guna.
Teknologi Maklumat
“Satu proses pengaliran, penyebaran,
pemprosesan dan penyimpanan maklumat
menggunakan perantaraan teknologi”
A World of Computers
• Computers are everywhere
Pages 4 - 5 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 6
Figure 1-1
What Is a Computer?
• A computer is an electronic device, operating
under the control of instructions stored in its own
memory
Collects Produces
data Processing information
(input) (output)
Information Processing Cycle
Page 6 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 7
Data and Information
Raw data from a supermarket checkout counter can be processed
and organized to produce meaningful information, such as the
total unit sales of dish detergent or the total sales revenue from
dish detergent for a specific store or sales territory.
Figure 2.3: Example of transforming data into information
Types of data
What Is a Computer?
Page 6 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10
Figure 1-2
The Components of a Computer
• A computer contains many electric, electronic, and
mechanical components known as hardware
Input Device • Allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer
Output Device • Hardware component that conveys information to one or more people
• Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that
System Unit are used to process data
• Records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads) items to and from storage
Storage Device media
Communications • Enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and
Device information to and from one or more computers or mobile devices
Pages 6 - 8 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 11
The Components of a Computer
Page 7 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 12
Figure 1-3
Generasi Pertama (1951-1958)
• Penggunaan tiub
vakum
• Input guna kad tebuk
• Data disimpan
menggunakan storan
luaran
Generasi Kedua (1959-1963)
• Transistor
• Pita magnetik dan cakera
• Bahasa FORTRAN dan COBOL
Generasi Ketiga (1964-1979)
• Litar bersepadu
• Ingatan MOS
• Bahasa BASIC
Generasi Keempat
• Cip Mikroprosesor-litar
ingatan, logik dan kawalan
• Komputer peribadi-APPLE
(1984) dan IBM (1981)
• MS-DOS
• Bahasa VISUAL Basic dan
C++
Advantages and Disadvantages
of Using Computers
Advantages of Disadvantages of
Using Computers Using Computers
Speed Health Risks
Reliability Violation of Privacy
Consistency Public Safety
Storage Impact on Labor Force
Communications Impact on Environment
Pages 9 - 10 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 17
Fungsi Teknologi Maklumat (senn, 1998)
• Pengumpulan- mengumpul rekod aktiviti yang boleh
digunakan kemudian
• Pemprosesan- proses menukar, menganalisis, pengiraan
dan sintesis semua data atau maklumat
• Penjanaan-menyusun maklumat kepada bentuk berguna
sama adasebagai teks, audio dan imej
• Penyimpanan-proses komputer menyimpan data dan
maklumat untuk digunakan kemudian
• Dapatan semula-dapatan semula
• Penghantaran-penghantaran
Networks and the Internet
• A network is a
collection of computers
and devices connected
together, often
wirelessly, via
communications
devices and
transmission media
Pages 10 - 11 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 19
Figure 1-6
Networks and the Internet
• The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that
connects millions of businesses, government agencies,
educational institutions, and individuals
Page 11 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 20
Figure 1-7
Networks and the Internet
• People use the Internet for a variety of reasons:
Communicate Research and Shop Bank and Invest Online Trading
Access Information
Entertainment Download Videos Share Information Web Application
Pages 12 - 13 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 21
Figure 1-8
Networks and the Internet
• A social networking Web site encourages
members to share their interests, ideas, stories,
photos, music, and videos with other registered
users
Page 14 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 22
Figure 1-9
Computer Software
• Software, also called a program, tells the
computer what tasks to perform and how to
perform them
System Software
• Operating system
• Utility program
Application Software
Pages 15 - 16 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 23
Figures 1-10 - 1-11
Computer Software
• Installing is the process of setting up software to
work with the computer, printer, and other
hardware
Pages 16 - 17 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 24
Figure 1-12
Computer Software
• A programmer develops
software or writes the
instructions that direct
the computer to
process data into
information
Page 18 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 25
Figure 1-13
Categories of Computers
Personal computers
Mobile computers and mobile devices
Game consoles
Servers
Mainframes
Supercomputers
Embedded computers
Page 19 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 26
Personal Computers
• A personal computer can perform all of its input,
processing, output, and storage activities by itself
• Two popular architectures are the PC and the
Apple
– Desktop computer
Pages 19 - 20 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 27
Figures 1-15 - 1-16
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
Mobile Mobile
Computer Device
Personal computer you Computing device small
can carry from place to enough to hold in your
place hand
Examples include smart
Examples include
phones and PDAs, e-
notebook computers,
book readers, handheld
laptop computers,
computers, portable
netbooks, ultra-thins,
media players, and
and Tablet PCs
digital cameras
Pages 20 - 23 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 28
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
Notebook computer
Tablet PC
Smart phones and PDAs
E-book reader
Pages 20 - 22 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 29
Figures 1-17 – 1-20
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
Handheld computer
Portable media player
Digital camera
Pages 22 - 23 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 30
Figures 1-21 – 1-23
Pengelasan Komputer
terbenam PDA
komputer
Komputer mikro komputer desktop
komputer mini stesen kerja
kerangka utama
komputer super
Mengandungi RAM, ROM, CPU, Input, Output dan Clock
Juga dikenali sebagai micro controller kerana ia digunakan
untuk mengawal sesuatu pekerjaan sahaja.
Contoh alatan:
Televisyen
Telefon
Kamera
Mesin basuh
Ketuhar gelombang micro
Kereta
Komputer yang berkelajuan tinggi dan
mahal.
Digunakan oleh kebanyakan universiti
untuk tujuan projek penyelidikan, atau
syarikat farmaseutikal untuk
penyelidikan perubatan, penyelidikan
dadah atau tentera untuk penyelidikan
senjata.
Mampu menyokong sehingga ribuan
pengguna dalam satu masa yang
sama
Saiznya lebih kecil dan kurang
keupayaan berbanding Komputer
Super.
Digunakan terutamanya di bank-bank,
syarikat-syarikat besar dan di pusat-
pusat pengajian tinggi.
Kerangka Utama lebih berkemampuan
menyokong lebih pemprosesan atau
perlaksanaan program secara
serentak.
Saiz yang lebih kecil berbanding
Kerangka Utama tetapi
mempunyai keupayaan yang
hampir sama dengan Kerangka
Utama cuma dalam skala yang
lebih kecil.
Mampu menyokong antara 4-
200 pengguna yang berkongsi
terminal dalam satu masa.
Komputer Mini berkeupayaan
untuk beroperasi lebih pantas
daripada Komputer Mikro serta
ia juga mempunyai ruang storan
yang lebih besar.
Komputer untuk kegunaan
peribadi.
Semakin canggih, berkuasa
tinggi dengan harga yang
mampu dimiliki oleh hampir
kebanyakan orang.
Kegunaan rumah, pejabat dan
juga untuk tujuan pengajaran
dan pembelajaran.
Bersaiz sebesar tapak tangan
Berfungsi seperti sebuah laptop
Papan kekunci kecil atau penggunaan skrin sesentuh dan kayu ria
Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
adalah komputer tangan yang
menggunakan flash memory
sebagai pengganti media
penyimpanan.
PDA tidak memiliki papan kekunci,
namun menggunakan teknologi
layar sentuh (touchscreen) sebagai
media input.
PDA mempunyai ukuran yang
sangat kecil, sedikit di atas ukuran
telefon bimbit dan dapat dengan
mudah dibawa ke mana-mana.
Workstation sebenarnya
adalah komputer desktop
yang memiliki kelebihan
utama dalam hal
kemampuan prosesor,
memory yang besar, dan
kemampuannya dalam
menjalankan aplikasi-aplikasi
yang memerlukan performa
tinggi, seperti aplikasi 3
dimensi, grafik, multimedia
dan lain sebagainya.
Perkembangan Dunia Komputer
Skrin sesentuh (Touch Screen)
menggantikan tetikus.
Papan kekunci maya (Virtual Keyboard)
menggantikan papan kekunci biasa.
Kawalan jauh (Wireless Remote)
Game Consoles
• A game console is a
mobile computing
device designed for
single-player or
multiplayer video
games
Page 24 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 41
Figure 1-24
Servers
• A server controls access
to the hardware,
software, and other
resources on a network
– Provides a centralized
storage area for
programs, data, and
information
Page 25 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 42
Figure 1-25
Embedded Computers
• An embedded computer is a special-purpose
computer that functions as a component in a
larger product
Consumer Home Automation Process Controllers Computer Devices
Automobiles
Electronics Devices and Robotics and Office Machines
• Mobile and digital • Thermostats • Antilock brakes • Remote monitoring • Keyboards
telephones • Sprinkling systems • Engine control systems • Printers
• Digital televisions • Security modules • Power monitors • Faxes
• Cameras monitoring systems • Airbag controller • Machine • Copiers
• Video recorders • Appliances • Cruise control controllers
• DVD players and • Lights • Medical devices
recorders
• Answering
machines
Page 26 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 43
Embedded Computers
Page 26 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 44
Figure 1-28
Elements of an Information System
Hardware Software Data
People Procedures
Page 27 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 45
Elements of an Information System
Page 27 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 46
Figure 1-29
Challenges in a digital society
• Computer use ethics
• Privacy risks
• Personal data
collection
• Monitoring e-mail
• Copyright infringement
• Software piracy
47
Computers in your Career?
• Computer careers in:
– Business
– The Arts
– The Medical Field
– Law Enforcement
– Legal Fields
– Education
– The Sciences
– Gaming
– Homes
48
Computers in Business
Point of Sale Terminals
Tracking merchandise
49
Computers in the Arts
Virtual art Virtual dance
50
Computers in the Medical Field
• Virtual reality in medical applications
• Patient simulator
51
Computers in Law Enforcement
Computer forensics
52
Computers in the Legal Fields
Surveillance cameras
Forensic animation
53
Computers in Education
• Computers in the
classroom
• Distance Education
• Computerized research
• The Internet
54
Computers and the Sciences
• Supercomputers
• Archeology
• Meteorology
55
Computers in Sports
• Training
• Timing and
scorekeeping
• Data storage and
statistics
56
Computer Gaming Careers
• Programming
• 3D animation
57
Computers at Home
• Robotics
• Smart appliances
Internet-
connected
refrigerator Robomower
58
Apakah itu MSC ?
oKeluasan 15km x
o50km
o Dari KLCC ke KLIA
oUndang-undang siber
oInfrastruktur bertaraf
dunia (rangkaian
omultimedia 2.5gbps –
10gbps)
Cybercities in MSC
Objektif MSC
• Mencapai Wawasan 2020 dengan merangsang
pertumbuhan produktiviti
• Untuk melonjakkan Malaysia sebagai pemimpin
dalam Era Maklumat dengan menarik dan
membangunkan syarikat bertaraf dunia melalui
“perkongsian pintar” (smart partnerships)
• Untuk membangunkan jambatan global di antara
Malaysia dan bandaraya pintar bagi kepentingan
bersama (global bridges)
Flagship Applications by 2000
Smart Schools
Multi-Purpose Card
R&D Cluster
Electronic Government
Telemedicine
Borderless Marketing
Worldwide Manufacturing
Webs
Undang-undang siber
Undang-undang
Akta tandatangan digital 1997
Akta hak cipta (pindaan) 1997
Akta Jenayah Komputer (1997)
Akta Teleperubatan 1997
Akta Komunikasi dan Multimedia 1998
Akta Suruhanjaya Komunikasi dan Multimedia Malaysia 1998
