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Raising a new Generation of Leaders

Chemical Engineering
Course Title: Chemical Engineering Process Analysis 1
Course Code CHE 310
3 Units

.
Course Lecturer: Engr. Udohitinah J. S
And
Engr. Mrs. O.G Abatan

Semester: Alpha
Units and dimesions
Units can be defined as what gives value to a
number and also the describes the number it is
also a means of expressing dimensions.
Dimensions are our basic concepts. E.g length,
mass, time etc. A is a property that can be
measured, such as length, time, mass, or
temperature, or calculated by multiplying or
dividing other dimensions, such as length/time
(velocity), length (volume),ormass/length
(density).
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 Units can be added, subtracted, multipied or
divided.
In mathematics,
If x = 200 and y = 100, then (x + y) = 300
In engineering,
If x = 200mm and y = 100mm, then (x + y) =
300mm
But,
If x = 200m and y = 50kg, then (x + y) = 250 what
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Uses
• for proper communication
• Standard measurements.
• Possiblity of eradicating errors in
calculation.
• It hels to reduce time in problem solving.

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TYPES OF UNIT
1. SI- Le Systeme Internationale d`Unites
2. AE- American
3. CGS (cm-g-s) system , mass and
4. English system

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• Dimension Symbols includes Mass m
Length (L), Time (θ),Temperature (T),Mole (n), Electric Current (I)
dimensions can be derived based on definition.
• Dimension Symbol
• Area L2
• Volume L3
• Velocity L/θ
• Acceleration L/θ2
• Force m· (L/θ2)
• Pressure m· (L/θ2)/L2 = m/θ2·L
• Energy m· (L/θ2)· L = m· (L2/θ2)

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• Dimension SI Unit Am. Eng. Unit
• Mass kilogram (kg) poundmass(lbm)
• Length meter (m) foot (ft)
• Time second (s) second (s)
• Temperature Kelvin (K) Rankine (0R)
• Mole gram mole (gmol) pound mole (lbmol)

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Dimension SI Unit Am. Eng. Unit
Volume m3 ft3
Acceleration m/s ft/s
Force kg · m/s2 lbm · ft/s2
Pressure kg /(m · s2) lbm /(ft · s2)
Energy kg· (m2/s2) lbm· (ft2/s2)

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 𝜌𝐷𝑣
• Reynolds Number =
𝜇
• Units and Dimensions
• where 𝜌 = density of the fluid (kg/m3)
• D = diameter of pipe (m)
• 𝑣 = mean velocity of fluid (m/s) 𝜇 = dynamic
viscosity (kg/m· s)
• What is the net dimension of Reynolds Number?
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 UNIT OPERATIONS
• A unit operation is any part of potentially multiple-step process which can be
considered to have a single function, this single functions come together to give the
whole process. E.g.
• Separation Processes
• Purification Processes
• Mixing Processes
• Reaction Processes
• Power Generation Processes
• Heat Exchangers

Large processes are broken into unit operations in order to make them easier to analyze.
The key thing to remember about them is that the conservation laws apply not only to the
process as a whole but also to each individual unit operation.

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 UNIT OPERATIONS
A separation process is a method to achieve any
phenomenon that converts a mixture of chemical
substance into two or more distinct product
mixtures, which may be referred to as mixture, at
least one of which is enriched in one or more of
the mixture's constituents.

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 UNIT OPERATIONS
• removal of contaminants from feed, wastes, and recycle
streams
• separation of valuable products from wastes, impurities
and by-products.
• separation processes account for 50 to 90% of the
capital costs of most chemical plants and about 70% of
the ultimate product cost.
• Separation processes also important in biological
organisms, ecosystems, and environmental engineering.
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 Mixing
• Mixing is a unit operation that involves
manipulating a heterogeneous physical two or
more reactants , with the intent to make it more
homogeneous. As efficient mixing can be
difficult to achieve a large engineering effort
goes into designing and improving mixing
processes.

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Mixing process
1. An example of a mixing process is a
moldable and reusable mass, applied for
molding and pouring molten metal to obtain
sand castings that are metallic parts for
automobile, machine building, construction
or other industries. For the car and aircraft
industries the mixing of fuel and air is vital
for optimizing and performance of the
engine with respect to the fuel economy and
to the pollutants it emits.
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 UNIT OPERATIONS
• Mixing processes Are applicable in the
following ways, Flows in industrial mixers, Fuel-
air mixing in Micromixers and Stratification in
Flocculation

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 UNIT OPERATIONS
• unit operations can be defined as basic steps to
achieve a process.
• It could be a physical change or chemical change.
• E.g separation,
• crystallization,
• evaporation,
• filtration,
• polymerization,
• Isomerization etc.
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 UNIT OPERATIONS
• A process may require many unit operations to
obtain the desired product from the starting
materials, or feedstocks.

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 UNIT OPERATIONS
• Chemical engineering
• unit operations in chemical enginering can be classified into five
classes:
1. Fluid flow
a. fluids transportation
b. filtration
c. solids fluidization
2. Heat transfer
a. evaporation
b. heat exchange

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 UNIT OPERATIONS
3. Mass transfer
a. gas absorption
b. distillation
c. extraction
d. adsorption
e. drying
4. Thermodynamic
a. gas liquefaction
b. refrigeration

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 UNIT OPERATIONS
• Mechanical
a. Solids transportation
b. crushing and pulverization
c. screening and sieving
This classes can also be combined to give the following
• Combination (mixing)
• Separation (distillation, crystallization)
• Reaction (chemical reaction)
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• This unit operations and processes form the
basic of the industry.

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An ore extraction process broken into its
constituent unit operations (Quincy Mine,
Hancock, MI ca. 1900)

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