3D Transformations

Design By:
Prof. Deepti Palia(AP)
Prof. Rajanpreet Kaur(AP)
Chandigarh University-Gharuan

09-01-2019 1
 3D Graphics
• 3D Transformations
• Generally, the extension from 2D to 3D is straightforward
• The Cartesian coordinates representation of point would be now (x, y,
z)

09-01-2019 2
 Translation
The translation matrix in 3d has three translation factors( tx , ty , tz ). The
translation matrix is

1 0 0 tx 
0 1 0 
ty 
T= 
0 0 1 tz 
 
0 0 0 1

09-01-2019 3
 Rotation
• The 2D z-axis rotation equations are easily extended to 3D.

• The 3D z-axis rotation matrix is expressed as

09-01-2019 4
 Rotation
• The x-axis rotation equations are expressed as:

• The x-axis rotation matrix is expressed as

09-01-2019 5
 Rotation
• The y-axis rotation matrix is expressed as

• The y-axis rotation equations are expressed as

09-01-2019 6
 Scaling
• The expressions for scaling relative to the origin are

09-01-2019 7
 Scaling Matrix
• The Scaling Matrix can be written as

09-01-2019 8
09-01-2019 9
 Reflection
• A 3D reflection can be performed relative to a selected reflection axis or
with respect to a selected reflection plane.
• Three types of 3D reflection:
I. Reflection w.r.t xy plane
II. Reflection w.r.t yz plane
III. Reflection w.r.t xz plane

09-01-2019 10
 Reflection
• The expressions for scaling relative to the origin are

09-01-2019 11
 Reflection w.r.t XY plane
• In xy plane, only the value of z will change to negative.
• The matrix representation for reflection of points relative to the xy plane is

09-01-2019 12
 Reflection w.r.t YZ plane
• In yz plane, only the value of x will change to negative.
• The matrix representation for reflection of points relative to the yz plane is

09-01-2019 13
 Reflection w.r.t XZ plane
• In xz plane, only the value of y will change to negative.
• The matrix representation for reflection of points relative to the xz plane is

09-01-2019 14
 Reflection
• A 3D reflection can be performed relative to a selected reflection axis or
with respect to a selected reflection plane.
• Three types of 3D reflection:
I. Reflection w.r.t xy plane
II. Reflection w.r.t yz plane
III. Reflection w.r.t xz plane

09-01-2019 15
 Shearing
• A transformation that slants the shape of an object is called as shearing.
• Shearing can be performed in three ways:
I. Along z-axis
II. Along y-axis
III. Along x-axis

09-01-2019 16
 Shearing along z-axis
• X and Y Will remain same, only the value of Z will change.
• Shearing along y-axis can be expressed as:

09-01-2019 17
 Shearing along x-axis
• Y and Z Will remain same, only the value of X will change.
• Shearing along x-axis can be expressed as:

09-01-2019 18
 Shearing along z-axis
• X and Y Will remain same, only the value of Z will change.
• Shearing along z-axis can be expressed as:

09-01-2019 19
 Frequently Asked Questions

 How shearing along x-axis is different from shearing along y-axis. Give
some practical examples.
 Name few 2D primitives figures you know.
 Reflection can occur along axis as well as plane. Explain the difference
between these two cases.
 What are the possible values of an object along xy and yz plane?

09-01-2019 20
 Bibliography

 Computer Graphics, 2nd Ed., Hern& Baker –PHI, New Delhi

09-01-2019 21