Planning and Decision
Making Process
PRESENTED BY:
THE MERMAIDS
AMARILLO, BRYAN DAVE C.
ARNAIZ, CARLOS C.
GERONIMO, FRANCHESCA ANNA L. SUBMITTED TO:
PASTOR, ROZELLE DARREN M. ENGR. JELMA S. DELIMA
TORRES, DONIVER JUSTIN V.
PLANNING
The process of setting goals, developing
strategies, and outlining tasks and schedules to
accomplish the objectives.
Deciding how to do something before doing so.
PLANNING: WATER RESOURCES
ENGINEERING
Water resources engineering involves planning
systems, infrastructure and different types of
facilities.
It also involves water resources. Natural
resources like lakes, rivers, groundwater and
dams.
WATER INFRASTRUCTURE
WATER DAM
HOW DAMS WERE BUILT?
A multi-step process that requires huge amounts of manpower, raw
materials, and investment.
1. Engineers must de-water the river where the dam is meant to be built.
2. Loose rock is removed from the riverbed, and a plinth must be
constructed.
3. Build the dam to its desired height.
A concave-curved downstream surface for a dam helps it absorb the
constant pressure of water that it must endure.
Reinforced steel is used for the surfaces of the dam itself, and an
enclosure is built.
The enclosure is filled with concrete to make it extremely strong and
resilient against water flow.
WATER RESOURCES
SURFACE WATER
LAKES RIVERS
WATER RESOURCES
The main uses of surface water includes:
1. for drinking purposes
2. other public uses, irrigation uses
3. thermoelectric-power industry to cool electricity-
generating equipment
WATER RESOURCES
GROUDWATER
WHICH ARE BETTER FOR HUMAN USE?
Generally, both ground water and surface water can provide safe
drinking water, as long as the sources are not polluted and the
water is sufficiently treated.
In constructing a water system in household facilities, groundwater
is a better choice as a source of water than surface water.
HOW DOES WATER SYSTEM WORKS IN
HOUSEHOLD FACILITIES?
Water in household municipalities involves water engineering and
as a function of resource.
• In water engineering – engineers develop a water system in
municipalities.
• Water as a resource – water resources supplies water for human
use.
HOW DOES WATER SYSTEM WORKS IN
HOUSEHOLD FACILITIES?
source:
http://www.valueofwater.ca/water-
facts/how-do-our-water-systems-work/
HOW DOES WATER SYSTEM WORKS IN
HOUSEHOLD FACILITIES?
SOURCES OF WATER – lakes, rivers and groundwater.
WATER TREATMENT – treats water so that it is safe for
human use.
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM – systems and structures
that distribute water to our faucet.
HOW DOES WATER SYSTEM WORKS IN
HOUSEHOLD FACILITIES?
WASTEWATER COLLECTION SYSTEM – systems and structures
that removes waste water from our drains, toilets,
bathtubs.
WASTEWATER TREATMENT – process where that removes
harmful organism and contaminants.
STORMWATER SYSTEMS – systems that serves as a passage
to rain waters from the houses.
FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN
CONSTRUCTING A WATER SYSTEM.
DECISION MAKING PROCESS.
sources: https://www.umassd.edu/fycm/decision-
making/process/
DECISION MAKING PROCESS
STEP 1: IDENTIFY THE DECISION
-Clearly define the nature of the decision you must make.
-Recognizing the problem or opportunity and deciding to address it.
STEP 2: GATHER RELEVANT INFORMATION
-Collect some pertinent information before you make your decision: what information
is needed, the best sources of information, and how to get it.
-This requires making a value judgment, determining what information is relevant to
the decision at hand, along with how you can get it.
DECISION MAKING PROCESS
STEP 3: IDENTIFY THE ALTERNATIVES
-Use your imagination and additional information to construct new alternatives. In this
step, you will list all possible and desirable alternatives.
- It is important to come up with a range of options. This helps you determine which
course of action is the best way to achieve your objective.
STEP 4: WEIGH THE EVIDENCE
-Evaluate whether the need identified in Step 1 would be met or resolved through the
use of each alternative.
- “evaluate for feasibility, acceptability and desirability” to know which alternative is
best.
DECISION MAKING PROCESS
STEP 5: CHOOSE AMONG ALTERNATIVES
-Be sure that you understand the risks involved with your chosen route.
-You may even choose a combination of alternatives.
STEP 6: TAKE ACTION
-Take some positive action by beginning to implement the alternative you chose in Step 5.
- This involves identifying what resources are required and gaining support from employees
and stakeholders. Getting others onboard with your decision is a key component of executing
your plan effectively.
STEP 7: REVIEW YOUR DECISION
- An often-overlooked but important step in the decision making process is evaluating your
decision for effectiveness.
DECISION MAKING PROCESS
UNCERTAINTY
Lack of sureness, conviction and knowledge about an outcome or
result.
The consequences, extent or magnitude of circumstances,
conditions, or events is unpredictable.
Although too much uncertainty is undesirable, manageable
uncertainty provides freedom to make creative decisions.
Risk.
UNCERTAINTY
“Urban water planners face the decision of how much water
infrastructure to build in order to reliably meet demand for
high-quality water while minimizing cost to meet budget
constraints. The challenge of balancing the trade-off
between shortage risk, cost, and environmental protection is
compounded by several critical uncertainties.”
source: (article)
www.researchgate.net/publication/318702726_Water_Supply_Infrastructure_Planning_Decision-
Making_Framework_to_Classify_Multiple_Uncertainties_and_Evaluate_Flexible_Design
REFERENCES
http://www.valueofwater.ca/water-facts/how-do-our-water-systems-
work/
https://online.csp.edu/blog/business/decision-making-process
https://www.umassd.edu/fycm/decision-making/process/
www.researchgate.net/publication/318702726_Water_Supply_Infrastructur
e_Planning_Decision-
Making_Framework_to_Classify_Multiple_Uncertainties_and_Evaluate_Flexi
ble_Design
https://esub.com/how-to-build-a-dam/
REFERENCES
https://www.watereducation.org/general-information/surface-water-vs-
groundwater
https://www.safewater.org/fact-sheets-1/2017/1/23/groundwater
