www.studymafia.
org
SCADA
Submitted To: www.studymafia.org Submitted By: www.studymafia.org
Contents..
Introduction
Scada Generations
Hardware Architecture
Software Architecture
Functionality
Conclusion
References
Introduction
What is SCADA?
What is data acquisition?
Where and why, use of SCADA?
Application area :
Industrial processes : chemical, power generation and
distribution, metallurgy, …
Nuclear processes : reactors, nuclear waste, ...
Experimental physics : HEP laboratories
Application size:
20 k I/O to 450 K I/O,
1 M I/O under development
ERP Systems
Expert Systems
SCADA ?
Supervisory Data
And Acquisition
Control
Archiving, Logging,
Graphics and Batch processing Access Control, Alarms
Distributed database
Data Server Data Server PLC’s
Field Bus
Control Programs
SCADA generations
1st generation (1970s). Co-located control
Controlled units were on the same site as the
controlling computer with hard-wired
connections between them
No network so no potential for external attack.
Very limited chance of insider attack because
operation by teams rather than individuals
SCADA generations
2nd generation (1980s/90s) Distributed
control
SCADA systems networked with devices using
special-purpose protocols
No external network connection
Vulnerable to insider attacks because of
distributed sites
SCADA generations
3rd generation (2000s). Networked systems
SCADA systems no longer isolated but connected to external
networks
External connection through computers (particularly PCs) that
are directly connected to the Internet
May also interface with other Internet-connected systems such
as manufacturing control systems
More use of standard protocols such as TCP/IP for
communications
Remote system monitoring and upgrades from providers
requires network connection
Architecture
Hardware
Software
Hardware
Typical Hardware Architecture
Software Architecture
Software Architecture
Communication
Internal Communication
Access to Devices
Interfacing
H/W
Multiple communication protocols supported in a single system
Support for major PLCs/DCSs but not VME
S/W
API
ODBC, DDE and OLE I/F to PC Products
OPC Client and OPC Server
ActiveX Containers
Scalability
Database
Configuration DB, alarm DB, Archive DB, log DB and
RTDB resides in the memory of the servers
Functionality
Generic SCADA functionality
Access Control,
MMI,
Trending,
Alarm Handling,
Logging, Archiving,
Report Generation,
Automation.
Functionality Contd..
Access Control
Users - allocated to groups
group - defined read/write access
MMI
multiple screens
library of standard graphical symbols
dragged and dropped
zooming, re-sizing, scrolling...
Links - pages to navigate
Functionality Contd..
Trending
based on parameters on specific chart
can be predefined or defined on-line
more than 8 trended parameters per chart
both real-time and historical trending
zooming and scrolling
Alarm Handling
based on limit and status checking
handled centrally
E-mails can be generated
Functionality Contd..
Logging, Archiving
Data stored in compressed and proprietary format
Logging / Archiving either for a set number of parameters or
for a set period of time
Logging / Archiving can be frequency or event driven *
Logging of user actions together with a user ID
VCR facility for playback of stored data
Writing logs into RTDB
Report Generation
Reports created using SQL type queries to the RTDB or logs
Automatic generation, printing and archiving of reports
Use of ‘components’ for report generation
Functionality Contd..
Automation
triggered by events
defined in scripting languages
send e-mail ,write into RTDB
recipes
Sequencing
Development Tools
Project editor
Graphics editor
Configuration through parameter templates
Scripting language
Driver Development Tool Kit
And more…
Data Access Mechanism's
Alarm Server
Alarm Server typically poll
data from the data server
( -> impact on network Data Server
bandwidth)
More advanced techniques like
publish / subscribe are
available in some cases
Data from field buses are
mainly polled
Field Bus
Conclusion
SCADA is a control system with
•More frond end functionality
•More interfaces and efficient storage
•More record or device oriented configuration
•but System wide configuration tools are needed
•are less expensive than DCS, but offer different functionality
than DCS
•And finally various applications
References
1. www.scadanews.com
2. Google
3. Wikipedia
4. www.Studymafia.org
5. www.scada.com
