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CP Basic by Reeshabh

Cathodic protection works by making the metal surface to be protected act as the cathode in an electrochemical cell. This prevents corrosion by stopping the anodic reaction. There are two main types: sacrificial anode systems which use more electrically active metals as galvanic anodes to drive the process, and impressed current systems which use an external DC power source connected to anodes. Common applications include underground pipelines, ships, marine structures, steel in concrete, and automobiles.

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Reeshabh Upadhyay
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48 views

CP Basic by Reeshabh

Cathodic protection works by making the metal surface to be protected act as the cathode in an electrochemical cell. This prevents corrosion by stopping the anodic reaction. There are two main types: sacrificial anode systems which use more electrically active metals as galvanic anodes to drive the process, and impressed current systems which use an external DC power source connected to anodes. Common applications include underground pipelines, ships, marine structures, steel in concrete, and automobiles.

Uploaded by

Reeshabh Upadhyay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CATHODIC PROTECTION

[BASIC UNDERSTANDING]
By
Reeshabh Upadhyay
TREE SERVICES
Contents :

■ Introduction
■ History of Cathodic Protection [CP]
■ Principles of CP
■ Types of CP
■ Applications
■ Advantages & limitations of CP
1. Introduction

■ CORROSION is an oxidation reaction where the corroding metal is the anode in an


electrochemical cell.
■ In addition to the anode, there are three other components that are necessary for corrosion to
occur :
1. An aggressive environment,
2. A cathode [where the reduction reaction occurs] and
3. An electron-conducting path between the anode and the cathode.
■ The basic concept for most methods of corrosion protection is to remove one or more of
these cell components so that the pure metal or metal alloy of interest will not corrode.
1. Introduction

■ Methods of corrosion control :


1. Alloying.
2. Proper selection of a materials.
3. Alteration of environment – Inhibitors.
4. Design of component.
5. Cathodic and Anodic protection.
6. Protective coatings.
2. History of Cathodic Protection

■ In history ‘galvanic corrosion’ was known before many years and was used as an
advantage in SACP [sacrificial anode CP]
■ Sir humphrey davy (1778 – 1829) had established that Copper was a metal which
acted weakly positive in a galvanic potential series. He deduced from that, that the
corrosive action of seawater on copper could be prevented if it were weakly
negatively charged.
■ If the copper surface became negative (i.e., a cathode) then all chemical reactions,
including corrosion, would be prevented.
■ During his experimental work he discovered cathodic protection of copper by zinc or
iron. He had already put forward the hypothesis in 1812 that chemical and electrical
changes are identical or at least arise from the same material property.
3. Principles of CP
■ Cathodic Protection works on the principle of electrochemical cell.
■ Metal that has been extracted from its primary ore (metal oxides or other free radicals) has a natural
tendency to revert to that state under the action of oxygen and water. This action is called corrosion
and the most common example is the rusting of steel.
■ Corrosion is an electrochemical process that
involves the passage of electrical currents.
A : Fe → Fe++ + 2e-

C : 2H+ + 2e- → H2 [Acidic]


or
O2 + 2H2O + 4e- → 4OH- [alkali]
3. Principles of CP

■ Thus in electrochemical cell corrosion occurs only at anode and not at cathode
[except cathodic corrosion by alkali] – the same advantage is applied in cathodic
protection.
■ In CP as the name suggests the entire metal to be protected is made cathode of an
electrochemical cell and anodes are connected with the same metal which supplies
DC current to the metal.
■ The external anode may be a galvanic anode, where the current is a result of the
potential difference between the two metals, or it may be an impressed current
anode, where the current is impressed from an external dc power source.
3. Principles of CP

■ Thus an electro-chemical principle – ‘the electrical potential between the metal and
the electrolyte solution with which it is in contact is made more negative, by the
supply of negative charged electrons, to a value at which the corroding (anodic)
reactions are stifled and only cathodic reactions can take place’
■ In the discussion that follows it is assumed that the metal to be protected is carbon
steel, which is the most common material used in construction.
4. Types of CP system

1. Sacrificial anode [Galvanic] type [SACP] or Temporary CP [TCP]

2. Impressed current type [ICCP] or Permanent CP [PCP]


4. Types of CP system

1. Sacrificial anode [Galvanic] type :

• In the application of passive cathodic protection, a galvanic anode, a piece of a more electrochemically
"active" metal, is attached to the vulnerable metal surface where it is exposed to an electrolyte.

• Galvanic anodes are selected because they have a more "active" voltage (more negative electrochemical
potential) than the metal of the target structure (typically steel).

• For effective cathodic protection, the potential of the steel surface is polarized (pushed) more negative
until the surface has a uniform potential.

• The driving force for the cathodic protection current is the difference in electrochemical potential
between the anode and the cathode.
4. Types of CP system

2. Impressed current cathodic protection [ICCP] type :

• For larger structures, or where electrolyte resistivity is high, galvanic anodes


cannot economically deliver enough current to provide protection.

• In these cases, impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) systems are used.

• These consist of anodes connected to a DC power source, often a transformer-


rectifier connected to AC power.
5. Application of Cathodic Protection

• Underground Pipelines
• Ships and boats
• Marine
• Steel in concrete
• Internal cathodic protection
• Galvanized steel
• Automobiles

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