IEG 3080 Tutorial One

Course Outline
C++ Basics
Data member & Member function
Constructor & Destructor

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Course Outline
Software Development Methodology
DP (Design Pattern)
Steps/Models in Software Development Process
UML (Unified Modeling Language)
In short, develop software in an OO way

C++
Better C
e.g. cout vs printf(), vector vs array, const vs #define
e.g. new vs malloc(), inline vs #define, reference vs pointer
Generic Programming
e.g. template, container, iterator, algorithms
A good tool for OOP (Object-Oriented Programming)
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Assessment Scheme

Programming assignments 15%

Approximately 3 assignments with phases

Group project 30%

Computer Games, 2 students per group

Attendance in talk 5%
Don’t loss these marks !

Final exam 50%

By experience, quite a lot of coding.!
I will give you exercises.

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C++ Basics

C++ File Types

Header files (*.h)
Source files (*.cpp, *.c)

Compilation
In Unix: g++ [source.cpp] -o [output_file]
In Visual Studio: press the compile button
We test the assignments in Unix platform if no explicitly specified.

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C++ Basics

Can we write C++ as C?

Yes and No
Yes, C++ is backward compatible with C
No, it wastes the OO characteristics of C++

So, what are the characteristics of OO?

Abstraction -- Create a Interface to access the object
Encapsulation -- Protect the data inside object
Polymorphism -- Access different objects or classes with the same
interface
Inheritance -- Reuse of object

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C++ Basics

Why OO?
Model the problem domain which is closer to the real world situation
Decompose the the complex problem into many simpler problems
Different parts/objects of the software can be developed by different
people separately, with low dependency
Code can be reused, which lower the cost and time.
Software can be flexibly modified without large change of code by
add-on, remove, re-arrange or modify limited number of objects,
without affecting other objects.
OO is just like playing LEGO

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Differences between class and struct
In C, we can use struct to define the data structure
struct struct_name
{
data_type data_variable;
……
}

In C++, class is very similar to struct, and it also include Member Function and
Access Right Label (Private, Public, Protected).

class class_name
{
Private:
data_type data_variable;
……
Public:
void function()
}

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Class Definition

Class Definition divide into two parts

Class Declaration
Data member - A data structure inside the class
Member function - A interface to access data member in the same
class
Class Implementation
Implementation the Member functions

 In general, Class declaration is stored in *.h file and Class implementation

is stored in *.cpp file

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 Example

For the course IEG 3080, there are three Tutors and an
Instructor. Write a program by C++, so that the
Instructor can judge which tutor is the best tutor.
 Step One: Think which object involved
 Step Two: What information or characteristics bound to the object
 Step Three: Declare the Class (the interface)
 Step Four: Implement the functions.

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Class Declaration
// store in *.h files
Class Name class Instructor {
private:
string name;
Tutor *tutor;
Keyword “private”, “public” public:
and “protected” is used to Instructor();
Instructor(string name_in, Tutor t0, Tutor t1, Tutor t2);
define the access right to void judge();
the Data Member and ~Instructor();
Member Function };
class Tutor {
private:
Data Member string name;
int marks;
public:
Tutor();
Tutor(string name_in, int marks_in);
Member Function int getMarks();
string getName();
};

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Private or Public

There are 3 different access right in C++

(Public, Private and Protected)
Public
Public member (data member or member function) can be accessed
from anywhere.
Private
Private member can be accessed by the member (same class) only.
Protected
Protected member can be accessed by parent class and derived class.
(for inheritance case)

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Public or Private

 In general, Data Members are declared under Private area.

Why?
 Reason: Control data access right in order to avoid access data
carelessly (Data Encapsulation)
 In C, we can use pointer to access every data inside program
(No restriction).
 Member Functions are declared under Public Area
(Abstraction). Otherwise, the program can’t call the member
function outside the class. (No Interface)

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Class Implementation (Constructors)

 Constructor is used to initialize the value when the class

object is created.
 For struct, we can initialize the value like this
struct Tutor
{
char name[20];
int marks;
}
struct Tutor brian = {“Brian”, 100};
 We can’t initialize class object in this manner. So we use
constructor to initialize the object.

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Class Implementation (Constructors)
 Constructor is a function which the name of it is same to the
name of the class.
 Constructor has no return value.
 It may contain more than 1 constructor in the same class. (By
Function Overloading)
 Class_name() is a default Constructor. Same name as the class

Tutor::Tutor() Tutor::Tutor(string name_in, int marks_in = 50)

{ {
name = "Unknown"; name = name_in;
marks = 0; marks = marks_in;
}; };

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Class Implementation (Constructors)
Instructor::Instructor()
{
Tutor t0 = Tutor("A"); Code Reuse by calling
Tutor t1 = Tutor("B",100); the other constructor
Tutor t2 = Tutor("C",80);
Instructor("Wing Wong", t0, t1, t2);
};
Instructor::Instructor(string name_in, Tutor t0, Tutor t1, Tutor t2)
{
name = name_in;
tutor = new Tutor[3]; Function Overloading - more than
tutor[0] = t0; one function with same function
tutor[1] = t1; name within a class
tutor[2] = t2;
};

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Class Implementation (Constructors)

Create Object Technique

Tutor brian; //ok, Create by default constructor
Tutor brian = Tutor(); //ok, Create by default constructor explicitly
Tutor *brian = new Tutor; //ok, Create an object pointer and call default
//constructor implicitly
Tutor brian(“Brian”,99); // ok, Create by non-default constructor
Tutor brian = Tutor(“Brian”,99); // ok, Create by non-default constructor
Tutor brian(); //What is it?
//It just declare a function in normal way
//Not create a object

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Class Implementation (Destructors)

 Only 1 destructor in each class

 Destructor will be called when the object is destroyed
 The name of destructor like “~class_name” with prefix ‘~’
 No return value
 In general, we use destructor to free the memory which is
allocated inside object.

Instructor::~Instructor()
{
Remember to free memory.
delete [] tutor; Otherwise memory leak will
} occur

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Class Implementation (Destructors)

Destructor

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Class Implementation
// store in *.cpp files void Instructor::judge()
{
int Tutor::getMarks() int mark0 = tutor[0].getMarks();
{ int mark1 = tutor[1].getMarks();
return marks; int mark2 = tutor[2].getMarks();
};
string Tutor::getName() string bestTutor = tutor[0].getName();
{
return name; if(mark1>=mark0)
}; {
bestTutor = tutor[1].getName();
if(mark2>=mark1)
bestTutor = tutor[2].getName();
:: is a scope operator }
else if(mark2>=mark0)
indicating the class bestTutor = tutor[2].getName();
which the function cout << "The best tutor is <" << bestTutor << "> !!" << endl;
belongs to }

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Example
main()
{
Tutor t0 = Tutor(“Yamaha",97);
Tutor t1 = Tutor("Brian",99);
Tutor t2 = Tutor(“WildWildWest",98);
Instructor mchang = Instructor("M.Chang",t0,t1,t2);
mchang.judge();
}

Guess the result!!

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