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Flower, Its Structure and Types

Flowers have different parts including the pedicel, calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium. Flowers can be classified as complete or incomplete, bisexual or unisexual, regular or irregular, zygomorphic or actinomorphic, bracteate or ebracteate, and having hypogynous, epigynous, or perigynous ovary positions. The document provides details on the structure and function of each flower part and type of classification.

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Atif Irfan
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181 views

Flower, Its Structure and Types

Flowers have different parts including the pedicel, calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium. Flowers can be classified as complete or incomplete, bisexual or unisexual, regular or irregular, zygomorphic or actinomorphic, bracteate or ebracteate, and having hypogynous, epigynous, or perigynous ovary positions. The document provides details on the structure and function of each flower part and type of classification.

Uploaded by

Atif Irfan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FLOWER, ITS

STRUCTURE AND
TYPES
Lecture 7: Biology 2
Flower
■ Flowers are the most beautiful and charming creation of the nature.
Different Parts Of A Flower
Pedicel- Green Slender Stalk
■ There is a green slender stalk (Pedicel) at the base of the flower the pedicel is
swollen.
■ On this swollen part other parts of the flower are arranged called “thalamus”.
■ Thalamus is present in all flowers but all flower not have pedicel.
■ Flower with pedicel is called pedicelate and flower without pedicel is called
sessile

Function:
■ To hold other parts of the flower and to attach a
sessile flower with stem.
Calyx
■ Out side the flower there is a green tube like structure at the base.
■ Top of this tube is splitted into five segments. From this it is understood that these
five segments are combined together to form the tube.
■ This outer green whorl of the flower is called the Calyx.
■ Each of the five parts that comprises the calyx is called a sepal.
■ Sepals may be united together or may be separated.
Function:
To protect other internal parts in the bud from adverse external
environment
Corolla
■ Petals combined together, to make the corolla. Usually corolla is the show part of
the flower. Petals may be united or may separate from each other [as in Brassica
(Sharisha)].
■ Function: To attract insects and to protect internal parts of the flower.
■ Inside the corolla there is five rod like organ attached at the base. Each of these
organs is called Stamen. Each stamen is divided into two parts the slender part is
the “filament” and swollen part at the top is the “anther”. Inside anther there lies
pollen grains. The total stamens of a flower collectively form a whorl, which is
called the Androecium.
■ Function: Main function of the Androecium is to produce pollen grains.
Carpel
■ The central part of the flower is the Carpel.
■ Swollen part at the base of carpel is the Ovary, long slender part at the middle is the Style
and lobbed part at the top is the Stigma.
■ Inside the ovary there are small round parts call Ovules.
■ Ovules later develop to seeds. In Datura flower there are two carpels united together.
■ The whorl of a flower that is formed by one or more carpel called the Gynoecium.
■ The ovary of a flower develops to a fruit.
Different kinds of Flower
Flower

According to According to Regularity of Presence of Position of


Symmetry
completeness Sex organs organ Bracets Ovary

Complete Bracteate Hypogynous


Bisexual Regular flower Zygomorphic
flower Flower flower

Incomplete Irregular Ebracteate Epigynous


Unisexual Actinomorphic
flower flower Flower flower

Perigynous
flower
According to Completeness

Complete Incomplete flower


■ Contains all 4 principle parts i.e. ■ Lack any of these major
sepal, petal, stamen and pistel components
According to sex organs

Bisexual Unisexual
■ Flowers, which bear both male and ■ Flowers, which have either male or female
female whorl (Androecium and whorl, are called unisexual flowers.
Gynoecium), are called Bisexual flowers.
■ Flower that bear only female whorl is called
female flower and flower that bears only
male whorl is called male flower.
Regularity of Organs

Regular Irregular
■ Flowers in which the members of ■ A flower having member of each
each whorl are similar in shape and whorl (especially calyx and corolla)
size called regular flower. dissimilar in size and shape is
called irregular flower
Symmetry
Symmetrical Asymmetric Flower
■ Zygomorphic: Flowers, which may be cut ■ Flowers, which cannot be cut into two
into two equal halves by only one vertical equal halves by any vertical planes is
plane passing through the center of the called asymmetric `flower.
flower is called Zygomorphic flower
■ Actinomorphic: Flowers, whcih may be
cut into two equal halves by more than
one vertical plane passing through the
center of the flower, is called
actinomophic flower.
Presence of Bracets
A bract is a small leaf or leaf like organ in the
axils of which arise flowers.

Bracteate Flower Ebracteate Flower


■ Flowers, which have bract or bracts ■ Flowers, which have no bract at the
at its base is called bracteate base is called ebracteate flower.
flower,
Position of Ovary Perigynous flower: A flower in which
Calyx, Corolla and Androecium are
placed around the ovary is called
Hypogynous flower: A flower in perigynous flower.
which Calyx, Corolla and
Androecium lies beneath the ■ The thalamus of perigynous flower
ovary is called hypogynous is cup shaped and the ovary is
flower. placed in the concave center of the
Epigynous flower: A flower in thalamus,
which Calyx, Corolla, and
Androecium are placed above
the ovary is called epigynous
flower.

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