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Vectors and Dot Products Guide

The document discusses dot products and vectors, including how to calculate the dot product of two vectors, properties of dot products, and how to use the dot product and vector magnitudes to calculate the angle between two vectors. It also explains how to decompose a vector into components that are parallel and orthogonal to a given vector, and defines work as the dot product of a force vector and distance vector.

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monica
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105 views17 pages

Vectors and Dot Products Guide

The document discusses dot products and vectors, including how to calculate the dot product of two vectors, properties of dot products, and how to use the dot product and vector magnitudes to calculate the angle between two vectors. It also explains how to decompose a vector into components that are parallel and orthogonal to a given vector, and defines work as the dot product of a force vector and distance vector.

Uploaded by

monica
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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6.

4 Vectors and Dot Products

Finding the angle between two vectors


Writing a vector as the sum of two
vectors components
Definition of Dot Product
Given: Two vectors in Component form

u  u1 , u 2 and v  v1 , v2

u  v  u1  v1  u 2  v2
The result is a number, not a vector
Find the Dot Product
Given 4,6  2,3
Find the Dot Product
Given 4,6  2,3

4  2   6 3

8  18  26
Products of the Dot Product
u v  vu
0v  0
u  v  w  u  v  u  w
vv  v
2

where c is scalar
cu  v   cu  v or u  cv
The Angle Between two vectors
For angles 0  
uv
Cos 
u v
The Angle Between two vectors
For angles 0  
uv
Cos 
u v
Find the angle between u  1,5 , v  3,2
uv
u  1,5 , v  3,2 Cos 
u v

u  v  1 3   5 2  13
u  1  (5) , v 
2 2
3   2
2 2
u  1,5 , v  3,2 uv
Cos 
u v
u  v  1  3   5 2   13
u  1  (5) , v 
2 2
32   22

13 13
Cos  
  
26 13 338

Cos  0.7071...

Cos 1 0.7071  45


The Angle Between two vectors
For angles 0  
uv
Cos 
u v
Vectors are Orthogonal if there
Dot Product (u●v)= 0
What is the angle between the vectors,
Why?
Definition of Vector Components
Let u and v be nonzero vectors.
u = w1 + w2 and w1 · w2 = 0
Also, w1 is a scalar of v

The vector w1 is the projection of u onto v,


So w1 = proj v u uv
  v
w2=u–w1 proj v u
 2 
 v 
Decomposing of a Vector Using
Vector Components
u  3,5 , v  6,2

u  w1  w2

uv 
w1  projv u   2 v
 v 
 
Decomposing of a Vector Using
Vector Components
u  3,5 , v  6,2
u  w1  w2
uv 
w1  projv u   2 v
 v 
 

 3  6  (5)  2 
w1    6,2


 6 2
2 2
 2 

 8  6 2
w1    6,2  ,
 40  5 5
Decomposing of a Vector Using
Vector Components
u  3,5 , v  6,2
u  w1  w2
6 2
uv  w  3  ,5 
w1  projv u   2 v
2
5 5
 v 
 

9  27
 3  6  (5)  2  w  ,
w1    6,2
2
5 5


 6 2
2 2
 2 

6 2 9  27
 8  6 2 u ,  ,
w1    6,2  , 5 5 5 5
 40  5 5
Definition of Work
Work is force times distance.
If Force is a constant and not at an angle

W  F  PQ

If Force is at an angle

W  projPQ F  PQ
Homework
Page 447 – 448
# 1, 5, 17, 21, 25,
29, 33, 37, 41,
45, 49, 53, 63, 67
Homework
Page 447 – 448
# 4, 8, 12, 16,
20, 24, 28, 32,
36, 40, 52

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