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Introduction To Number System

This document introduces different number systems including decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal. It explains that computers use the binary system with two states of 0 and 1. It shows how to convert between decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal numbers. Conversions between binary and octal or hexadecimal involve grouping the binary digits into blocks of three or four bits and representing each block as a single digit in octal or hexadecimal.

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Raja Aubaid
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908 views15 pages

Introduction To Number System

This document introduces different number systems including decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal. It explains that computers use the binary system with two states of 0 and 1. It shows how to convert between decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal numbers. Conversions between binary and octal or hexadecimal involve grouping the binary digits into blocks of three or four bits and representing each block as a single digit in octal or hexadecimal.

Uploaded by

Raja Aubaid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Number Systems

Number Systems
Four number system

 Decimal (10)
 Binary (2)
 Octal (8)
 Hexadecimal (16)
 ............
Binary numbers?

• Computers work only on two states


– On
– Off
• Basic memory elements hold only two states
– Zero / One
• Thus a number system with two elements
{0,1}
• A binary digit – bit !
Decimal numbers

1439 = 1 x 103 + 4 x 102 + 3 x 101 + 9 x 100

Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones

• Radix = 10
Binary Decimal
1101 = 1 x 23 + 1 x 22 + 0 x 21 + 1 x 20
=1x8+1x4+0x2+1x1
=8+4+0+1

(1101)2 = (13)10

1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, ….


Decimal Binary

2 13 1
2 6 0
2 3 1
2 1 1
0

(13)10 = (1101)2
Octal Decimal
137 = 1 x 82 + 3 x 81 + 7 x 80
= 1 x 64 + 3 x 8 + 7 x 1
= 64 + 24 + 7

(137)8 = (95)10

• Digits used in Octal number system – 0 to 7


Decimal Octal

8 95 7
8 11 3
8 1 1
0

(95)10 = (137)8
Hex Decimal
BAD = 11 x 162 + 10 x 161 + 13 x 160
= 11 x 256 + 10 x 16 + 13 x 1
= 2816 + 160 + 13

(BAD)16 = (2989)10

A = 10, B = 11, C = 12, D = 13, E = 14, F = 15


Decimal Hex

16 2989 13
16 186 10
16 11 11
0

(2989)10 = (BAD)16
Why octal or hex?
• Ease of use and conversion
• Three bits make one octal digit
111 010 110 101
7 2 6 5 => 7265 in octal

• Four bits make one hexadecimal digit


1110 1011 0101
E B 5 => EB54 in
bits = nibble
hex
Binary to Octal
• Technique
– Group bits in threes, starting on right
– Convert to octal digits
Example
10110101112 = ?8

1 011 010 111

1 3 2 7

10110101112 = 13278
Binary to Hexadecimal
• Technique
– Group bits in fours, starting on right
– Convert to hexadecimal digits
Example
10101110112 = ?16

10 1011 1011

2 B B

10101110112 = 2BB16

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