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The document discusses naturally occurring insecticides derived from plants, including pyrethrins from chrysanthemums which are contact poisons affecting the insect nervous system, rotenoids from plants like derris which inhibit oxygen uptake in insect cells, and azadirachtin from neem which acts as an antifeedant and insect growth regulator. These natural insecticides have advantages like biodegradability but some also show toxicity in mammals, requiring selectivity in their application.

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Abhay Vishwakarma
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3K views16 pages

PPT

The document discusses naturally occurring insecticides derived from plants, including pyrethrins from chrysanthemums which are contact poisons affecting the insect nervous system, rotenoids from plants like derris which inhibit oxygen uptake in insect cells, and azadirachtin from neem which acts as an antifeedant and insect growth regulator. These natural insecticides have advantages like biodegradability but some also show toxicity in mammals, requiring selectivity in their application.

Uploaded by

Abhay Vishwakarma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Naturally occurring insecticide

Abhaykumar R. Vishwakarma
Msc part- ll Sem-IV
Mithibai college
Paper : III
Contents

 Pesticide

Introduction to Naturally occurring insecticide

 Structure and biological properties of

• Pyrethrums (pyrethrin I )

• Rotenoids

• Azadirachitin
What is Pesticide ?

• A chemical used for the control of….


– Insects
– Plant Pathogens
– Weeds
PESTICIDES: TYPES & USES
Herbicides
•Used to control unwanted plants or weeds.

Insecticides
•Used to control insects.

Fungicides
•Used to control fungal diseases.

Miticides
•Used to control ticks & mites (Spider-like animals).
History of insecticide: DDT
Introduction

Naturally occurring insecticide

• Many insecticidal compounds are known from plants.


Most plants make defensive compounds called allomones.
Only a few are important commercially.

• Plant-derived insecticides have largely been replaced by


synthetic materials, but there are some advantages to the
naturally occurring materials. For example, these substances
are biodegradable.

• Selectivity is needed. Compounds that are toxic to insects, but


not toxic to mammals, are preferable, of course.
Pyrethrum(pyrathrin – I )
Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium,
Asteraceae
Structure
Biological properties
 The biological active chemicals are ester which occur in
flower head.

 Pyrethrins acts as contact poisons affecting the insects


nervous system which paralyses the insect within in 90sec

 Pyrethrins contains a synergist (piperonyl butoxide) ,


synergist work by restricting an enzyme that insect use to
detoxify the pyrethrins

 Acute toxicity in mammals is relatively low because the


pyrethrins ester are converted into nontoxic compounds

 Action of pyrethrin on cold blooded animal such as


cockroach, house flies , mosquito
Rotenoids (Rotenone)
Rabo molle,
Derris elliptica, Lonchocarpus Legume root,
Fabaceae muehlenbergianus, Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Structu
re
Biological properties
 Inhabit a cellular process, prevent insects of oxygen in their tissue
cells.

Their biological action is because rotenoids contain flavonoids


derivative which strongly inhabit mitochondrial respiration

Some mammalian toxicity – limits is used.

When exposed to sunlight it is easily biodegardes to form carbon


dioxide and water.

A non – polar molecule acts as acts toxic towards cold – blooded


animals but harmless to the man and enviorments

Uses: Soft bodied insects, red spider, greenfly,


caterpillar, wasps
Azadiractin
Neem, Azadirachta indica, Meliaceae
Structure
Biological properties

 Antifeedants are compound that prevent insect feeding

 In insect growth regulator neem destroy the insects delicate


harmonal balance so it dies before it molts to the next life
stage.

 Most effective on immature insects and species that under


go complete metamorphosis
Reference:
• The pyrethrum of flowers C. B. Gndinger

• The insect P. J. Gullan, P. S. Cranston

• WWW. Wikipedia. Com

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